Democratic Party of Japan - Wikipedia

The Democratic Party of Japan (民主党, Minshutō) was a centrist political party in Japan from 1998 to 2016. Democratic Party of Japan. 民主党. Minshutō. DemocraticPartyofJapan FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch PoliticalpartyinJapan Forotheruses,seeDemocraticParty(Japan). DemocraticPartyofJapan民主党MinshutōLeaderKatsuyaOkadaSecretary-GeneralYukioEdanoCouncilorsleaderAkiraGunjiRepresentativesleaderKatsuyaOkadaFounded27 April 1998 (1998-04-27)Dissolved27 March 2016 (2016-03-27)Merger ofDemocraticParty(1996)GoodGovernancePartyNewFraternityPartyDemocraticReformPartyPreceded byNewFrontierPartyMerged intoDemocraticParty(2016)Headquarters1-11-1Nagata-cho,Chiyoda,Tokyo100-0014IdeologyLiberalism(Japanese)SocialliberalismPolitical positionCentretocentre-leftInternationalaffiliationAllianceofDemocrats(2005–2012)Colors Red[1]Websitewww.dpj.or.jpPoliticsofJapanPoliticalpartiesElections TheDemocraticPartyofJapan(民主党,Minshutō)wasacentrist[2]politicalpartyinJapanfrom1998to2016. Theparty'soriginslieinthepreviousDemocraticPartyofJapan,whichwasfoundedinSeptember1996bypoliticiansofthecentre-rightandcentre-leftwithrootsintheLiberalDemocraticPartyandJapanSocialistParty.[3]InApril1998,thepreviousDPJmergedwithsplintersoftheNewFrontierPartytocreateanewpartywhichretainedtheDPJname.[4]In2003,thepartywasjoinedbytheLiberalPartyofIchirōOzawa.[5] Followingthe2009election,theDPJbecametherulingpartyintheHouseofRepresentatives,defeatingthelong-dominantLiberalDemocraticParty(LDP)andgainingthelargestnumberofseatsinboththeHouseofRepresentativesandtheHouseofCouncillors.TheDPJwasoustedfromgovernmentbytheLDPinthe2012generalelection.Itretained57seatsinthelowerhouse,andstillhad88seatsintheupperhouse.Duringitstimeinoffice,theDPJwasbesetbyinternalconflictsandstruggledtoimplementmanyofitsproposedpolicies,anoutcomedescribedbypoliticalscientistsPhillipLipscyandEthanScheinerasthe"paradoxofpoliticalchangewithoutpolicychange".[6]LegislativeproductivityundertheDPJwasparticularlylow,fallingtolevelsunprecedentedinrecentJapanesehistoryaccordingtosomemeasures.[7]However,theDPJimplementedanumberofprogressivemeasuresduringitstimeinofficesuchastheprovisionoffreepublicschoolingthroughhighschool,increasesinchild-rearingsubsidies,[8]expandedunemploymentinsurancecoverage,[9]extendeddurationofahousingallowance,[10]andstricterregulationssafeguardingpart-timeandtemporaryworkers.[11] On27March2016theDPJmergedwiththeJapanInnovationPartyandVisionofReformtoformtheDemocraticParty(Minshintō).[12] Itisnottobeconfusedwiththenow-defunctJapanDemocraticPartythatmergedwiththeLiberalPartyin1955toformtheLiberalDemocraticParty.ItisalsodifferentfromanotherDemocraticParty,whichwasestablishedin1947anddissolvedin1950. Contents 1History 1.1Beginnings 1.22009–2012government 1.32012–2016returntooppositionanddissolution 2Ideology 2.1Viewofthestatusquo 2.2Politicalstandpoint 2.3Goals 2.4Policyplatforms 3Structure 4Factions 5PresidentsoftheDemocraticPartyofJapan 6Electionresults 6.1Generalelectionresults 6.2Councillorselectionresults 7Seealso 8References 9Furtherreading 10Externallinks History[edit] Seealso:thepreviousDemocraticPartyofJapan(1996–1998) Beginnings[edit] HeadquartersoftheDemocraticPartyofJapan TheDemocraticPartyofJapan(DPJ)wasformedon27April1998.[13]ItwasamergeroffourpreviouslyindependentpartiesthatwereopposedtotherulingLiberalDemocraticParty(LDP)—thepreviousDemocraticPartyofJapan,theGoodGovernanceParty(民政党,Minseitō),theNewFraternityParty(新党友愛,Shintō-Yūai),andtheDemocraticReformParty(民主改革連合,Minshu-Kaikaku-Rengō).Thepreviouspartiesrangedinideologyfromconservativetosocial-democratic.[3]Thenewpartybeganwithninety-threemembersoftheHouseofRepresentativesandthirty-eightmembersoftheHouseofCouncilors.Moreover,thepartyofficialswereelectedaswellatthepartyconventionforthefirsttime;NaotoKan,formerHealthandWelfareMinisterwasappointedasthepresidentofthepartyandTsutomuHata,formerprimeministerassecretary-general. On24September2003thepartyformallymergedwiththesmall,centre-rightLiberalPartyledbyIchirōOzawa[14]inamovelargelyconsideredinpreparationforthe2003generalelectionheldon9November2003.ThismoveimmediatelygavetheDPJeightmoreseatsintheHouseofCouncilors. Inthe2003generalelectiontheDPJgainedatotalof178seats.Thiswasshortoftheirobjectives,butneverthelessasignificantdemonstrationofthenewgroup'sstrength.Followingapensionscandal,NaotoKanresignedandwasreplacedwithmoderateliberalKatsuyaOkada. Inthe2004HouseofCouncilorselections,theDPJwonaseatmorethantherulingLiberalDemocrats,buttheLDPstillmaintaineditsfirmmajorityintotalvotes.ThiswasthefirsttimesinceitsinceptionthattheLDPhadgarneredfewervotesthananotherparty. The2005snapparliamentaryelectionscalledbyJunichiroKoizumiinresponsetotherejectionofhisPostalprivatizationbillssawamajorsetbacktotheDPJ'splansofobtainingamajorityintheDiet.TheDPJleadership,particularlyOkada,hadstakedtheirreputationonwinningtheelectionanddrivingtheLDPfrompower.Whenthefinalresultswerein,theDPJhadlost62seats,mostlytoitsrivaltheLDP.Okadaresignedthepartyleadership,fulfillinghiscampaignpromisetodosoiftheDPJdidnotobtainamajorityintheDiet.HewasreplacedbySeijiMaeharainSeptember2005. However,Maehara'stermaspartyleaderlastedbarelyhalfayear.Althoughheinitiallyledtheparty'scriticismoftheKoizumiadministration,particularlyinregardstoconnectionsbetweenLDPlawmakersandscandal-riddenLivedoor,therevelationthatafakeemailwasusedtotryandestablishthislinkgreatlydamagedhiscredibility.ThescandalledtotheresignationofRepresentativeHisayasuNagataandofMaeharaaspartyleaderon31March.[15]Newelectionsforpartyleaderwereheldon7April,inwhichIchirōOzawawaselectedpresident.[16]InUpperHouseelection2007,theDPJwon60outof121contestedseats,with49seatsnotupforre-election. 2009–2012government[edit] DPJwinningthe2009generalelection OzawaresignedaspartyleaderinMay2009afterafundraisingscandalandYukioHatoyamasucceededOzawabeforetheAugust2009generalelection,[13]atwhichthepartyswepttheLDPfrompowerinamassivelandslide,winning308seats(outofatotalof480seats),reducingtheLDPfrom300to119seats[17][18]–theworstdefeatforasittinggovernmentinmodernJapanesehistory.Thiswasinmarkedcontrasttothecloselycontested1993generalelection,theonlyothertimetheLDPhaslostanelection.TheDPJ'sstrongmajorityintheHouseofRepresentativesassuredthatHatoyamawouldbethenextprimeministertoreplaceTarōAsō,leaderoftheLDP.HatoyamawasnominatedonSeptember16andformallyappointedlaterthatdaybyEmperorAkihitointheTokyoImperialPalaceandformedhisCabinet. However,theDPJdidnothaveamajorityintheHouseofCouncillors,whichwasnotcontestedattheelection,andfelljustshortofthe320seats(atwo-thirdsmajority)neededtooverridetheupperchamber'svetopower.HatoyamawasthusforcedtoformacoalitiongovernmentwiththeSocialDemocraticPartyandthePeople'sNewPartytoensuretheirsupportintheHouseofCouncillors.[19] On2June2010,Hatoyamaannouncedhisresignationbeforeapartymeetingandofficiallyresignedtwodayslater.HecitedbreakingacampaignpromisetocloseanAmericanmilitarybaseontheislandofOkinawaPrefectureasthemainreasonforthemove.On28May2010,soonafterandbecauseofincreasedtensionsafterthepossiblesinkingofaKoreanshipbyNorthKorea,[20]HatoyamahadmadeadealwithU.S.PresidentBarackObama[21][22][23][24][25]toretainthebaseforsecurityreasons,butthedealwasunpopularinJapan.Healsomentionedmoneyscandalsinvolvingatoppartyleader,Ozawa,whoresignedaswell,inhisdecisiontostepdown.[21]HatoyamahadbeenpressuredtoleavebymembersofhispartyafterdoingpoorlyinpollsinanticipationoftheJulyupperhouseelection.[26]NaotoKansucceededHatoyamaasthenextPresidentofDPJandPrimeMinisterofJapan.[27] AttheJuly2010HouseofCouncillorselection,theDPJlosttenseatsandtheircoalitionmajority.PriortotheelectionKanraisedtheissueofanincreasetoJapan's5percentconsumptiontaxinordertoaddressthecountry'srisingdebt.Thisproposal,togetherwithOzawaandHatoyama'sscandals,wasviewedasoneofthecausesfortheparty'spoorperformanceintheelection.ThedividedhousemeantthegovernmentrequiredthecooperationofsmallerpartiesincludingYourPartyandtheCommunistPartytoensurethepassageoflegislationthroughtheupperhouse.[28] OzawachallengedKan'sleadershipoftheDPJinSeptember2010.AlthoughOzawainitiallyhadaslightedgeamongDPJmembersofparliament,localrank-and-filepartymembersandactivistsoverwhelminglysupportedKan,andaccordingtoopinionpollsthewiderJapanesepublicpreferredKantoOzawabyasmuchasa4–1ratio.[29]InthefinalvotebyDPJlawmakersKanwonwith206votestoOzawa's200.[30] Aftertheleadershipchallenge,Kanreshuffledhiscabinetandremovedmanyprominentmembersofthepro-Ozawafactionfromimportantpostsinthenewcabinet.[31]Thecabinetreshufflealsoresultedinthepromotionoflong-timeKanallyYoshitoSengokutoChiefCabinetSecretary,whotheLDPlabeledasthe"second"PrimeMinisteroftheKancabinet.[32] InSeptember2010thegovernmentintervenedtoweakenthesurgingyenbybuyingU.S.dollars,amovewhichtemporarilyrelievedJapan'sexporters.[33]Themoveprovedpopularwithstockbrokers,Japaneseexporters,andtheJapanesepublic.[33]ItwasthefirstsuchmovebyaJapanesegovernmentsince2004.[33]Later,inOctober,aftertheyenhadoffsettheinterventionandhadreacheda15-yearhigh,theKancabinetapprovedastimuluspackageworthabout5.1trillionyen($62billion)inordertoweakentheyenandfightdeflation.[34] 2012–2016returntooppositionanddissolution[edit] On24February2016,theDPJannouncedanagreementtomergewiththesmallerJapanInnovationParty(JIP)andVisionofReformaheadoftheUpperHouseelectionsinthesummer,[35][36]withamergerataspecialconventionagreedfor27March.[37]On4March2016,theDPJandJIPaskedsupportersforsuggestionsforanameforthenewparty.[38]On14March2016thenameofthenewpartywasannouncedasMinshintō,havingbeenthemostpopularchoiceofpossiblenamespolledamongvoters.[39][40]WiththeadditionofRepresentativesformVisionofReform,theDPJandJIPmergedtoformtheDemocraticPartyon27March2016.[41][42] ThedissolutionoftheDPJismainlyattributedtothefactthatthereformsthattheDPJadvocatedforwerehardtoputintoplacebecauseofelectoralrestrictions,economicrestrictions,andthefactthatthereformsthatwouldreducethepowerofthebureaucracywouldhelpdeprivetheDPJofthepowertoimplementtheirotherreforms.OtherfactorsthataffectedthedissolutionofthepartyweretheinternalconflictsthatparalyzedtheDPJandthefactthattheDPJaligneditselfwiththeforeignpolicyoftheLDP.[7] Ideology[edit] TheDemocraticPartyofJapan(DPJ)calledtheirphilosophy'DemocraticCentrism [ja]'(民主中道,minshu-chūdō),whichwasdeterminedinthefirstpartyconventionon27April1998.[43][44]DPJisgenerallyclassifiedasacentristparty,butitisalsoclassifiedasacentre-leftinthecontextofJapanesepoliticsincontrasttotheLDP.[45][5]DPJisalsodescribedasliberal[46]orsocial-liberal.[47] TheDPJaimedtocreateaplatformbroadenoughtoencompasstheviewsofpoliticianswhohadrootsineithertheLiberalDemocraticPartyorJapanSocialistParty.[4]PartyleaderNaotoKancomparedtheDPJtotheOliveTreeallianceofformerItalianPrimeMinisterRomanoProdi,anddescribedhisviewthatitneededtobe"thepartyofThatcherandBlair".[4]TheDPJhadbothconservativeandsocial-democraticelements.[48] Viewofthestatusquo[edit] TheDPJclaimedthemselvestoberevolutionaryinthattheyareagainstthestatusquoandthecurrentgoverningestablishment.TheDPJarguedthatthebureaucracyandthesizeoftheJapanesegovernmentistoolarge,inefficient,andsaturatedwithcroniesandthattheJapanesestateistooconservativeandinflexible.TheDPJwantedto"overthrowtheancientrégimelockedinoldthinkingandvestedinterests,solvetheproblemsathand,andcreateanew,flexible,affluentsocietywhichvaluespeople'sindividualityandvitality."[49] Politicalstandpoint[edit] Westandforthosewhohavebeenexcludedbythestructureofvestedinterests,thosewhoworkhardandpaytaxes,andforpeoplewhostriveforindependencedespitedifficultcircumstances.Inotherwords,werepresentcitizens,taxpayers,andconsumers.Wedonotseekapanaceaeitherinthefreemarketorinthewelfarestate.Rather,weshallbuildanewroadofthedemocraticcentertowardasocietyinwhichself-reliantindividualscanmutuallycoexistandthegovernment'sroleislimitedtobuildingthenecessarysystems.[49] Goals[edit] DemocraticCentrismpursuedthefollowingfivegoals.[49] Transparent,justandfairsociety TheDemocraticPartysoughttobuildasocietygovernedwithruleswhicharetransparent,justandfair. Freemarketandinclusivesociety Whilethepartyarguedthatthefreemarketsystemshould"permeate"economiclife,theyalsoaimforaninclusivesocietywhichguaranteessecurity,safety,andfairandequalopportunityforeachindividual. Decentralizedandparticipatorysociety Thepartyintendedtodevolvethecentralizedgovernmentpowerstocitizens,markets,andlocalgovernmentssothatpeopleofallbackgroundscanparticipateindecision-making. Compliancewiththethreeconstitutionalprinciples TheDemocraticPartyproclaimedtoholdthevaluesinthemeaningoftheconstitutionto"embodythefundamentalprinciplesoftheConstitution":popularsovereignty,respectforfundamentalhumanrights,andpacifism.[49] Internationalrelationsbasedonself-relianceandmutualcoexistence Asamemberoftheglobalcommunity,thepartysoughttoestablishJapan'sinternationalrelationsinthefraternalspiritofself-relianceandmutualcoexistencetorestoretheworld'strustinthecountry.[49] Policyplatforms[edit] TheDPJ'spolicyplatformsincludedtherestructuringofcivilservice,monthlyallowancetoafamilywithchildren(¥26,000perchild),cutingastax,incomesupportforfarmers,freetuitionforpublichighschools,banningoftemporaryworkinmanufacturing,[50]raisingtheminimum-wageto¥1,000andhaltingofincreaseinsalestaxforthenextfouryears.[51][52] TheDPJ'sstanceonnuclearpowerwasthatsteadystepsshouldbetakentowardsnuclearpower,butnottooquicklyastopossiblyendangersafety.[53] Structure[edit] Thisarticleneedstobeupdated.Pleasehelpupdatethisarticletoreflectrecenteventsornewlyavailableinformation.(December2014) SupremeAdvisers–YoshihikoNoda,HirotakaAkamatsu,TakahiroYokomichi,SatsukiEda President–KatsuyaOkada ActingPresident–AkiraNagatsuma,Renhō VicePresidents: ToshimiKitazawa NaokiTanaka KazuhiroHaraguchi MiekoKamimoto SecretaryGeneral–YukioEdano ActingSecretaryGeneral–MasaharuNakagawa Chair,PolicyResearchCommittee–GoshiHosono ActingChair,PolicyResearchCommittee–TakeakiMatsumoto Chair,DietAffairsCommittee–YoshiakiTakaki ActingChair,DietAffairsCommittee–JinMatsubara Chair,DPJCaucus,HouseofCouncillors–AkiraGunji SecretaryGeneral,DPJCaucus,HouseofCouncillors–YuichiroHata Chair,DietAffairsCommittee,DPJCaucus,HouseofCouncillors–KazuyaShimba Chair,StandingOfficersCouncil–TakeshiMaeda Chair,GenderEqualityPromotionHeadquarters–MiekoKamimoto Chair,ElectionCampaignCommittee–KōichirōGenba Chair,AdministrationCommittee–ShunichiMizuoka Chair,FinancialCommittee–ToshioOgawa Chair,OrganisationCommittee–KoichiTakemasa Chair,PublicRelationsCommittee–KumikoHayashi Chair,Corporate&ExternalOrganisationsCommittee–MinoruYanagida Chair,NationalRallyingandCanvassingCommittee–TakahiroKuroiwa Chair,WomenCommittee–MakikoKikuta Chair,YouthCommittee–TakahiroKuroiwa Chair,GeneralMeetingofDPJDietMembers–MasayukiNaoshima Factions[edit] TheDPJhadsomepoliticalfactionsorgroups,althoughtheywerenotasfactionalizedastheLDP,whichhastraditionallyplacedhighpriorityonintra-partyfactionalalignment.Thegroupswere,themostinfluentialtotheleastinfluential: Ryōun-kai(lit.'TranscendentAssociation'):thesecondmostconservativefaction.MostofitsmemberswerefromtheNewPartySakigake.Ryoun-kaihadabout40seatsintheassemblyandwasledbySeijiMaeharaandYoshihikoNoda.[54] SeikenkōyakuwoJitsugensurukai(lit.'AssociationfortheRealizationofPoliticalPromises'):formedbydefectorsfromLDPandledbyformerpartyleaderYukioHatoyama,hadabout30conservativelawmakersintheDiet.Formernamewas'SeikenkotaiwoJitsugensurukai'.[54] MinshaKyōkai民社協会　(lit.'DemocraticSocialistGroup'):membersoftheformercentristDemocraticSocialistPartywhichmergedwiththeDPJearlyon.About25members,wasledbyTatsuoKawabata.[54] Kuninokatachikenkyūkai国の形研究会(lit.'CountryFormResearchSociety'):ledbyPartyPresidentNaotoKan.Wasaliberalleaningfactionwithabout20members.[54] Shinseikyokukondankai(lit.'PanelforaNewPoliticalSituation'):themostleft-leaningfaction,createdbymembersoftheformerJapanSocialistPartywhofeltthattheSocialDemocraticPartywastooradical.About20seats,ledbyTakahiroYokomichi.[54] TheIndependent’sClubwasaminorpoliticalpartywhichformedapoliticalentitywiththeDPJinbothchambersofthehouse. PresidentsoftheDemocraticPartyofJapan[edit] ThePresidentsofDemocraticPartyofJapan(民主党代表,MinshutōDaihyō),theformalnameis民主党常任幹事会代表(MinshutōJyōnin-Kanji-KaiDaihyō). No. Name(Birth–death) Image Constituency/title Termofoffice Electionresults PrimeMinister(term) Tookoffice Leftoffice Precedingparties:DemocraticParty(1996),NewFraternityParty,GoodGovernanceParty,&DemocraticReformParty 1 NaotoKan(b.1946) RepforTokyo18th 27April1998 25September1999 1998 Unopposed Jan.1999 NaotoKan–180ShigefumiMatsuzawa–51Abstention–8 Hashimoto1996–98 Obuchi1998–2000 2 YukioHatoyama(b.1947) RepforHokkaido9th 25September1999 10December2002 Sep.19991stRound YukioHatoyama–154NaotoKan–109TakahiroYokomichi-57 Sep.19992ndRound YukioHatoyama–182NaotoKan–130 2000 Unopposedwalkover Sep.20021stRound YukioHatoyama–294NaotoKan–221YoshihikoNoda-182TakahiroYokomichi-119 Sep.20022ndRound YukioHatoyama–254NaotoKan–242 Mori2000–01 Koizumi2001–06 3 NaotoKan(b.1946) RepforTokyo18th 10December2002 18May2004 Dec.2002 NaotoKan–104KatsuyaOkada–79 4 KatsuyaOkada(b.1953) RepforMie3rd 18May2004 17September2005 May2004 Unopposed October2004 Unopposedwalkover 5 SeijiMaehara(b.1962) RepforKyoto2nd 17September2005 7April2006 2005 SeijiMaehara–96NaotoKan–94Abstention–3 6 IchirōOzawa(b.1942) RepforIwate4th 7April2006 16May2009 Apr.2006 IchirōOzawa–119NaotoKan–73 Sep.2006 Unopposedwalkover 2008 Unopposedwalkover AbeS.2006–07 FukudaY.2007–08 Asō2008–09 7 YukioHatoyama(b.1947) RepforHokkaido9th 16May2009 4June2010 2009 YukioHatoyama–124KatsuyaOkada–95 Himself2009–10 8 NaotoKan(b.1946) RepforTokyo18th 4June2010 29August2011 June2010 NaotoKan–291ShinjiTarutoko–129 Sep.2010 NaotoKan–721IchirōOzawa–491 Himself2010–11 9 YoshihikoNoda(b.1957) RepforChiba4th 29August2011 25December2012 20111stRound BanriKaieda–143YoshihikoNoda–102SeijiMaehara-74MichihikoKano-52SumioMabuchi-24 20112ndRound YoshihikoNoda–215BanriKaieda–177 2012 YoshihikoNoda–818HirotakaAkamatsu–154KazuhiroHaraguchi–123MichihikoKano–113 Himself2011–12 10 BanriKaieda(b.1949) RepforTokyo1st 25December2012 14December2014 BanriKaieda–90SumioMabuchi–54 AbeS.2012–20 11 KatsuyaOkada(b.1953) RepforMie3rd 14December2014 27March2016 20151stRound GoshiHosono-298KatsuyaOkada-294AkiraNagatsuma-168 20152ndRound KatsuyaOkada-133GoshiHosono-120 Successorparty:DemocraticParty(2016) Electionresults[edit] All-timehighestvaluesarebolded Generalelectionresults[edit] Election Leader #ofcandidates #ofseatswon #ofConstituencyvotes %ofConstituencyvote #ofPRBlockvotes %ofPRBlockvote Government/opposition 2000 YukioHatoyama 262 127/480 16,811,732 27.61% 15,067,990 25.18% Opposition 2003 NaotoKan 277 177/480 21,814,154 36.66% 22,095,636 37.39% Opposition 2005 KatsuyaOkada 299 113/480 24,804,786 36.44% 21,036,425 31.02% Opposition 2009 YukioHatoyama 330 308/480 33,475,334 47.43% 29,844,799 42.41% DPJ-PNP-SDPGovernmentCoalition(2009-2010)DPJ-PNPGovernmentCoalition(2010-2012) 2012 YoshihikoNoda 267 57/480 13,598,773 22.81% 9,268,653 15.49% Opposition 2014 BanriKaieda 198 73/475 11,916,838 22.50% 9,775,991 18.33% Opposition Councillorselectionresults[edit] Election Leader #ofseatstotal #ofseatswon #ofNationalvotes %ofNationalvote #ofPrefecturalvotes %ofPrefecturalvote Majority/Minority 1998 NaotoKan 47/252 27/126 12,209,685 21.75% 9,063,939 16.20% Minority 2001 YukioHatoyama 59/247 26/121 8,990,524 16.42% 10,066,552 18.53% Minority 2004 KatsuyaOkada 82/242 50/121 21,137,457 37.79% 21,931,984 39.09% Minority 2007 IchirōOzawa 109/242 60/121 23,256,247 39.48% 24,006,817 40.45% Non-governingplurality(until2009) DPJ–SDP–PNPgoverningminority(since2009) 2010 NaotoKan 106/242 44/121 18,450,139 31.56% 22,756,000 38.97% DPJ–PNPgoverningminority(until2012) Non-governingplurality(since2012) 2013 BanriKaieda 59/242 17/121 7,268,653 13.4% 8,646,371 16.3% Minority Seealso[edit] Category:DemocraticPartyofJapanpoliticians PoliticsofJapan ListofpoliticalpartiesinJapan TimelineofliberalpartiesinJapan DemocraticSocialistParty(Japan) SocialDemocraticParty(Japan) GoodGovernanceParty DemocraticPartyofJapan(1996) DemocraticReformParty NewFraternityParty MaruteiTsurunen:Japan'sfirstdeputyofEuropeanorigin References[edit] ^日本に定着するか、政党のカラー[WillthecolorsofpoliticalpartiessettleinJapan?](inJapanese).Nikkei,Inc.21October2017.Retrieved28May2020. ^TheDemocraticPartyofJapanwaswidelydescribedascentrist: EthanScheiner(2006).DemocracyWithoutCompetitioninJapan:OppositionFailureinaOne-PartyDominantState.CambridgeUniversityPress.p. 43.ISBN 978-0-521-84692-9. 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^"Sengoku'sgrowinginfluencecausesastir".TheJapanTimes.23October2010.Retrieved7June2016. ^abc"NaotoKangovernmentintervenesincurrencymarkettoweakenyen".TheChristianScienceMonitor.15September2010.Retrieved7June2016. ^Fujioka,Toru(25October2010)."CabinetApproves$63BillionStimulusPlantoFightDeflation,RisingYen".BloombergL.P.Retrieved7June2016. ^Osaki,Tomohiro;Yoshida,Reiji(24February2016)."DPJendorsesmergerwithIshinnoTo;newpartytoformnextmonth"–viaJapanTimesOnline. ^"Archivedcopy".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-03-15.Retrieved2016-03-17.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^"DPJ,IshintomergeMarch27atspecialconvention".29February2016.Retrieved18March2018–viaJapanTimesOnline. ^Yoshida,Reiji(4March2016)."DPJ,IshinnoToinviteentriesfornewpartyname".Retrieved18March2018–viaJapanTimesOnline. ^NHKWorldNews.(March14,2016).DPJ,JIPdecideonnewpartyname:Minshinto."Archivedcopy".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-03-14.Retrieved2016-03-14.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^Yoshida,Reiji(14March2016)."IntroducingMinshinTo,Japan'snewmainoppositionforce".Retrieved18March2018–viaJapanTimesOnline. ^"Archivedcopy".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-03-28.Retrieved2016-03-28.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^"TheJapanNews". ^民主党(日本)(みんしゅとう(にほん))とは.kotobank.jp(inJapanese).RetrievedFebruary8,2020.(fromJapaneseEncyclopædiaBritannica) ^OutBasicPhilosophy-BuildingafreeandsecuresocietyonTheDemocraticPartyofJapan'swebsiteaccessedonMay12,2010.(inJapanese) ^TakashiInoguchi(2012)."1945:Post-SecondWorldWarJapan".InBenjaminIsakhan;StephenStockwell(eds.).TheEdinburghCompaniontotheHistoryofDemocracy.EdinburghUniversityPress.p. 308.ISBN 978-0-7486-4075-1.TheDemocraticPartyofJapanisacentre-leftparty,butitcontainsasizeableunion-basedleftwingandsomemembersclosetotheextremeright. ^DennisT.Yasutomo,ed.(2014).Japan'sCivil-MilitaryDiplomacy:TheBanksoftheRubicon.Routledge.ISBN 9781134651931.The“liberal”DPJvowedtoundothedamageofthe“hawkish”LDP,especiallyinIraqandAfghanistan. ^Franičević,Vojmir;Kimura,Hiroshi(2003).Globalization,democratizationanddevelopment:EuropeanandJapaneseviewsofchangeinSouthEastEurope.ISBN 953-157-439-1.Towardstheendofthe1990sthesocial-liberalMinshuto(DemocraticPartyofJapan,DPJ)consolidatedandreplacedShinshintoasarivalofLDP. ^Yazawa,Shujiro(July16,2015)."ThecrisisofdemocracyinJapan".openDemocracy.RetrievedNovember8,2020.Thepartywascomposedofpoliticianswhosepoliticalandideologicalbackgroundsweresodiverse,rangingfromconservativestosocialdemocrats,thatitwasdifficulttogetaconsensusevenonbasicpolicies. ^abcdeOutBasicPhilosophy-BuildingafreeandsecuresocietyonTheDemocraticPartyofJapan'swebsiteaccessedon17May2008. ^Ryall,Julian(2009-08-27)."Japanelection:unemployedturnonthegovernment".London:TheDailyTelegraph.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2022-01-12.Retrieved1May2010. ^HirokoTabuchi(2009-08-03)."OppositionWoosJapan'sVotersWithCostlyVows".NewYorkTimes. ^Fujioka,Chisa(2009-08-21)."Japanoppositionmayscorelandslidewin:media".Reuters. ^Zölzer,Friedo;Meskens,Gaston(21April2017).EthicsofEnvironmentalHealth.Taylor&Francis.p. 140.ISBN 978-1-317-28686-8. ^abcde民主代表選　鳩山氏が優位、岡田氏は参院に照準,AsahiShimbun,16May2009 Furtherreading[edit] KenjiKushidaandPhillipLipscy.2013.JapanundertheDPJ:ThePoliticsofTransitionandGovernance.Stanford:Brookings/WalterH.ShorensteinAsiaPacificResearchCenter PhillipLipscyandEthanScheiner.2012."JapanundertheDPJ:TheParadoxofPoliticalChangewithoutPolicyChange"JournalofEastAsianStudies12(3):311–322. JapanafterKan:ImplicationsfortheDPJ’sPoliticalFuture,Q&AwithRichardJ.Samuels(MIT)August2011 DanielSneider,TheNewAsianism:JapaneseForeignPolicyundertheDemocraticPartyofJapan(AsiaPolicy,July2011) Leif-EricEasley,TetsuoKotaniandAkiMori,ElectingaNewJapaneseSecurityPolicy?ExaminingForeignPolicyVisionswithintheDemocraticPartyofJapan(AsiaPolicy,August2009) LinusHagström(2010)TheDemocraticPartyofJapan’sSecurityPolicyandJapanesePoliticsofConstitutionalRevision:ACloudoverArticle9?AustralianJournalofInternationalAffairs64(5):512–28. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoDemocraticPartyofJapan. 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