Disturbing Equilibrium
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Converting Kc to Kp and Vice Versa: •Kc –Equilibrium constant using concentrations. •Kp –Equilibrium constant using partial pressures. Kp = Kc (RT)Dn. DisturbingEquilibrium Somemorerulesregardingthewritingandmanipulationofequilibriumconstantequations: Ifyouflipanequation: Ifyouaddequationstogether: Ifyoumultiplyanequationbyacoefficientn: Example:CalculatetheKforthereactionofHandBratomstogiveHBrifgiventhefollowing: Answer: ConvertingKctoKpandViceVersa: •Kc–Equilibriumconstantusingconcentrations •Kp–Equilibriumconstantusingpartialpressures Kp = Kc(RT)Dn P= nRT/V R = 0.0821Latm/molK T = TemperatureinK Dn= tot.molproduct-tot.molreactant Example1:For2SO3(g)<=>2SO2(g)+O2(g) Kc=4.08x10-3at1000K. CalculateKp. Kp = Kc(RT)Dn=4.08x10-3(0.0821x1000)1 Kp=0.0335 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Example2:For3H2(g)+N2(g)2NH3(g) Kc=0.105at472°C. CalculateKp. Kp = Kc(RT)Dn=0.105(0.0821x745)-2 Kp=2.81x10-5 DisturbingaChemicalEquilibrium: In1888Henri-LewisLeChatelier(1850-1936)aFrenchindustrialchemistmadetheobservation:"Anychangeinoneofthevariablesthatdeterminesthestateofasysteminequilibriumcausesashiftinthepositionofequilibriuminadirectionthattendstocounteractthechangeinthevariableunderconsideration."Simplyput,LeChatelier'sPrinciplestatesthatasysteminequilibriumrespondstoanystressbyrestoringtheequilibrium. TypesofStress: Additionorremovalofreactant Additionorremovalorproduct Increaseordecreaseoftemperature Changeinpressureorvolume ExampleCalculation: ChangesinTemperaturewillchangeK ForanendothermicreactionincreasingTincreasesK ForanexothermicreactionincreasingTdecreasesK Forexample,intheequationN2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3+91.8kJ,anincreaseintemperaturewillcauseashifttotheleftbecausethereversereactionusestheexcessheat.Anincreaseinforwardreactionwouldproduceevenmoreheatsincetheforwardreactionisexothermic.Thereforetheshiftcausedbyachangeintemperaturedependsuponwhetherthereactionisexothermicorendothermic. ChangeinPressure Whenyouincreasethepressure,thesystemwillshiftsotheleastnumberofgasmoleculesareformedbecausethemoregasmoleculesthereare,themorecollisionsthereare.Thesecollisionsandthepresenceofgasmoleculesarewhatcausethepressuretoincrease.Likewise,whenyoudecreasethepressure,thesystemwillshiftsothehighestnumberofgasmoleculesareproduced. Forexample,intheequation2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g),anincreaseinpressurewillcausethereactiontoshiftinthedirectionthatreducespressure,thatisthesidewiththefewernumberofgasmolecules.Thereforeanincreaseinpressurewillcauseashifttotheright,producingmoreproduct.(Adecreaseinvolumeisonewayofincreasingpressure.) Ifyoudidn'tlookatthisbefore,pleasedoitnow:
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这里的△n就是按照给出的方程式，产物的系数总和减去反应物的系数总和。 例如aA + bB = cC + dD 如果方程式这样的那么△n = c + d - a - b
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N...molefractionequilibriumconstant)及濃度平衡常數(Kc ... RT ln Kp. ∆. ... N ... mole fraction equilibri...
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Relationship between Kp and Kc is Kp=Kc(RT)Δn. If true enter 1 else enter 0. Medium.
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Kc=Kp(RT)Δn · The basic equation relates the (Gas Equilibrium Constants in concentration units to...
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p = n V R T {\displaystyle p={\frac {n}{V}}RT}. {\displaystyle p={\frac {n}{V}}RT. 其中 n V {\displ...
