Mansion - Wikipedia

A mansion is a large dwelling house. The word itself derives through Old French from the Latin word mansio "dwelling", an abstract noun derived from the ... Mansion FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Largedwellinghouse Forotheruses,seeMansion(disambiguation). GelbensandeManor,an1885Gründerzeitstylemansionbuiltforhunting,nearRostock,Germany. Amansionisalargedwellinghouse.TheworditselfderivesthroughOldFrenchfromtheLatinwordmansio"dwelling",anabstractnounderivedfromtheverbmanere"todwell".TheEnglishwordmanseoriginallydefinedapropertylargeenoughfortheparishpriesttomaintainhimself,butamansionisnolongerself-sustaininginthisway(compareaRomanormedievalvilla).Manorcomesfromthesameroot—territorialholdingsgrantedtoalordwhowould"remain"there.RenaissancevillassuchasVillaRotondanearVicenzawereaninspirationformanylatermansions,especiallyduringtheindustrialisation. FollowingthefallofRome,thepracticeofbuildingunfortifiedvillasceased.Today,theoldestinhabitedmansionsaroundtheworldusuallybegantheirexistenceasfortifiedhousesintheMiddleAges.Associalconditionsslowlychangedandstabilisedfortificationswereabletobereduced,andoverthecenturiesgavewaytocomfort.Itbecamefashionableandpossibleforhomestobebeautifulratherthangrimandforbiddingallowingforthedevelopmentofthemodernmansion. InBritishEnglish,amansionblockreferstoablockofflatsorapartmentsdesignedfortheappearanceofgrandeur.[1][2]InmanypartsofAsia,includingHongKongandJapan,thewordmansionalsoreferstoablockofapartments.InmodernJapan,a"manshon"(Japanese:マンション),stemmingfromtheEnglishword"mansion",isusedtorefertoamulti-unitapartmentcomplexorcondominium. Contents 115th-18th-centurydevelopment 219th-centurydevelopment 3LatinAmerica 4Size 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks 15th-18th-centurydevelopment[edit] InEurope,fromthe15thcenturyonwards,acombinationofpoliticsandadvancesinweaponrynegatedtheneedforthearistocracytoliveinfortifiedcastles.Asaresult,manyweretransformedintomansionswithoutdefencesordemolishedandrebuiltinamoremodern,undefendedstyle.Duetointermarriageandprimogenitureinheritanceamongstthearistocracy,itbecamecommonforonenobletooftenownseveralcountryhouses.Thesewouldbevisitedrotationallythroughouttheyearastheirownerpursuedthesocialandsportingcircuitfromcountryhometocountryhome.[3]Manyownersofacountryhousewouldalsoownatownmansionintheircountry'scapitalcity.Thesetownmansionswerereferredtoas'houses'inLondon,'hôtelsparticuliers'inParis,and'palaces'inmostEuropeancitieselsewhere.Itmightbenotedthatsometimesthehouseofaclergymanwascalleda"mansionhouse"(e.g.,bytheRevdJamesBlair,CommissaryinVirginiafortheBishopofLondon,1689–1745,atermrelatedtotheword"manse"commonlyusedintheChurchofScotlandandinNon-Conformistchurches.H.G.Herklots,TheChurchofEnglandandtheAmericanEpiscopalChurch).[citationneeded] HarlaxtonManor,England,a19th-centurymeetingofRenaissance,TudorandGothicarchitectureproducedJacobethan–apopularformofhistoricistmansionarchitecture. Asthe16thcenturyprogressedandtheRenaissancestyleslowlyspreadacrossEurope,thelastvestigesofcastlearchitectureandlifechanged;thecentralpointsofthesegreathousesbecameredundantasownerswishedtoliveseparatelyfromtheirservants,andnolongeratewiththeminaGreathall.Allevidenceandodoursofcookingandstaffwerebanishedfromtheprincipalpartsofthehouseintodistantwings,whiletheownersbegantoliveinairyrooms,abovethegroundfloor,withprivacyfromtheirservants,whowerenowconfined,unlessrequired,totheirspecificallydelegatedareas—oftenthegroundanduppermostatticfloors.Thiswasaperiodofgreatsocialchange,astheeducatedpridedthemselvesonenlightenment.[4] TheusesoftheseedificesparalleledthatoftheRomanvillas.Itwasvitalforpowerfulpeopleandfamiliestokeepinsocialcontactwitheachotherastheyweretheprimarymouldersofsociety.Theroundsofvisitsandentertainmentswereanessentialpartofthesocietalprocess,aspaintedinthenovelsofJaneAusten.Statebusinesswasoftendiscussedanddeterminedininformalsettings.Timesofrevolutionreversedthisvalue.DuringJuly/August1789,asignificantnumberofFrenchcountrymansions(chateaux)weredestroyedbytheruralpopulationaspartoftheGreatFear—asymbolicrejectionofthefeudalrightsandrestraintsineffectundertheAncienRégime.[5] UntilWorldWarIitwasnotunusualforamoderatelysizedmansioninEnglandsuchasClivedentohaveanindoorstaffof20andanoutsidestaffofthesamesize,[citationneeded]andinducalmansionssuchasChatsworthHousethenumberscouldbefarhigher.InthegreathousesofItaly,thenumberofretainerswasoftenevengreaterthaninEngland;wholefamiliesplusextendedrelationswouldofteninhabitwarrensofroomsinbasementsandattics.MostEuropeanmansionswerealsothehubofvastestates.[citationneeded] 19th-centurydevelopment[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Mansion" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(July2021)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) BuiltinRenaissanceRevivalstyle,TheBreakersinNewport,RhodeIsland,isoneofthebestknown19th-centurymansionsintheUnitedStates. The19thcenturysawthecontinuationofthebuildingofmansionsintheUnitedStatesandEurope.Builtbyself-mademen,thesewereoftensmallerthanthosebuiltbytheoldEuropeanaristocracy.Thesenewbuildersofmansionsdidnotconfinethemselvestojustthethen-fashionableGothictastesinarchitecture,butalsoexperimentedwith19th-centuryversionsofolderRenaissanceandTudoresquestyles;TheBreakersinRhodeIslandisafineexampleofAmericanRenaissancerevivalism. Duringthe19thcentury,likethemajorthoroughfaresofallimportantcities,FifthAvenueinNewYorkCity,waslinedwithmansions.Manyoftheseweredesignedbytheleadingarchitectsoftheday,ofteninEuropeanGothicRevivalstyle,andwerebuiltbyfamilieswhoweremakingtheirfortunes,andthusachievingtheirsocialaspirations.However,nearlyallofthesehavenowbeendemolished,thusdeprivingNewYorkofaboulevardtorival,inthearchitecturalsense,thoseinParis,LondonorRome—wherethemanylargemansionsandpalazzibuiltorremodeledduringthiserastillsurvive.Mansionsbuiltinthecountrysidewerenotsparedeither.OneofthemostspectacularestatesoftheU.S.,WhitemarshHall,wasdemolishedin1980,alongwithitsextensivegardens,tomakewayforsuburbandevelopments. GrandFederalstylemansionsdesignedbySamuelMcIntireinhabitanareathat,in2012,isthelargestcollectionof17th-and18th-centurystructuresintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThisdistrictinSalem,Massachusetts,iscalledtheMcIntireHistoricDistrictwiththecenterbeingChestnutStreet.[6]McIntire'strainingcamefromhisfatherandfrombooks.Heandhisbrothers,JosephandAngler,begantheircareersashousewrightsandcarpenterswhileintheirteensbut,earlyon,Samuel'sworkcaughttheeyeofSalem'spre-eminentmerchant,EliasHasketDerby.Overthenextquartercentury,McIntirebuiltorremodelledanumberofhomesforDerbyandmembersofhisextendedfamily.McIntirealsoworkedoccasionallyonDerby'svessels,andwasn'taversetofixingawagonorbuildingabirdhouseifhispatronsodesired.[7]HamiltonHallisaNationalHistoricLandmarkat9ChestnutStreetinSalem,Massachusetts.HamiltonHallwasbuiltin1805bySamuelMcIntireandaddedtotheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesin1970.[8][9]"King"Derby'sstampofapprovalopenedmanyotherdoorsforMcIntire,whowentontodesignandbuildmansionsforJohnGardner,JerethmielPeirce,SimonForrester,andotherwealthySalemshipowners.Healsobuilt,onelegantChestnutStreet,afunctionhall(namedforAlexanderHamilton)andchurchforthetown'smerchantclass.McIntirealsodesignedtheformerSalemCourtHouseandRegistryofDeeds. After1793,SamuelMcIntireworkedexclusivelyinthearchitecturalstyledevelopedbyRobertAdaminGreatBritainandbroughttoAmericabythegreatBostonarchitect,CharlesBulfinch.ThedelicateAdamstyle,whichemphasizeddecorativeelementsandornamentation,wastailor-madeforMcIntire,whoseunerringsenseofdesignandproportionwasexceededonlybyhisskillasawoodcarver.Carvedswags,rosettes,garlands,andhissignaturesheathsofwheatdominatewoodsurfacesinMcIntirehomesbuiltbetween1793andhisdeathin1811. ThePalladianinspiredZonnebeek(1907),Enschede,Netherlands EveninEurope,some19th-centurymansionswereoftenbuiltasreplicasofolderhouses,theChâteaudeFerrièresinFrancewasinspiredbyMentmoreTowers,whichinturnisacopyofWollatonHall.Othermansionswerebuiltinthenewandinnovativestylesofthenewerasuchastheartsandcraftsstyle:TheBreakersisapasticheofanItalianRenaissancepalazzo;WaddesdonManorinBuckinghamshireisafaithfulmixtureofvariousFrenchchâteaux.OneofthemostenduringandmostfrequentlycopiedstylesforamansionisthePalladian–particularlysointhe18thcentury.However,theGothicstylewasprobablythemostpopularchoiceofdesigninthe19thcentury.ThemostbizarreexampleofthiswasprobablyFonthillAbbeywhichactuallysetouttoimitatethemansionswhichhadtrulyevolvedfrommedievalGothicabbeysfollowingtheDissolutionoftheMonasteriesinthe16thcentury. Mansionsbuiltduringandafterthe19thcenturywereseldomsupportedbythelargeestatesoftheirpredecessors.Thesenewmansionswereoftenbuiltastheweek-endretreatsofbusinessmenwhocommutedtotheirofficesbythenewrailways,whichenabledthemtoleavethecitymoreeasily.[citationneeded] LatinAmerica[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(July2021)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) TheQuintaGamerosisaPorfirian-eramansionlocatedinChihuahua,Mexico.Thebuilding,designedinaFrenchstyle,istestimonytoanerawhenFranceassertedgreatersoftpowerintheregionthaneitherSpainorPortugal. InLatinAmerica,thegrandruralestate,theHacienda,Estancia,inPortuguesespeakingBrazilFazendaorEstância,withthemansionasitsstatelycenter,isacharacteristicfeature. MansionstendedtofollowEuropeanarchitecturalstyles.Whereasuntilthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,PortugalandSpainasthecolonial(orformercolonial)powersweretheeminentmodelsforarchitectureandupper-classlifestyle,towardstheendofthe19thcenturytheyweresometimesreplacedbythenmoredominantpowerslikeFranceorEngland. Incomparablydeveloped,denselypopulatedcountrieslikeMexico,feudalestatesandtheirmansionswereasgrandandstatelyasintheMediterraneanoldworld,whereaswhereestateswerefoundedinthesparselypopulatedremoteareaslikethePampaofArgentinaorUruguay,whereironpillars,doors,windows,andfurniturehadtobebroughtfromEuropebyshipandafterwardsoxcart,buildingsweresmaller,butnormallystillaspiringtoevokeastatelyimpression,oftenfeaturing,liketheirearlierItaliancounterparts,amorador. InVenezuela,thetraditionalSpanishmansionswithagardeninthecenterofthepropertyareusuallyreferredas"Quinta". Size[edit] SomerealtorsintheUStermmansionsashousesthathaveaminimumof8,000-square-foot(740 m2)offloorspace.[10]Othersclaimaviableminimumcouldinsteadbe5,000-square-foot(460 m2)offloorspace,especiallyinacityenvironment.[11] Seealso[edit] Housingportal Countryhouse Townhouse Manorhouse Palace Pazo Villa Ansitz ListofGildedAgemansions ListoflargesthousesintheLosAngelesmetropolitanarea ListoflargesthousesintheUnitedStates Mansiontax Mansionization References[edit] ^"Whatisamansionblock".OurProperty.Retrieved23September2020. ^"MansionblocksarerealBritishantiques..."CityAM.Retrieved23September2020. ^Girouard,Mark(1978).LifeintheEnglishCountryHouse.NewHaven,CT:YaleUniversityPress.ISBN 0-300-02273-5. ^Halliday,F.E.(1967).CulturalHistoryofEngland.London:ThamesandHudson.p. 166. ^RichardCobb,pages77–79,TheFrenchRevolution:VoicesfromaMomentousEpoch,CN8039,GuildPublishing1988 ^"SalemMassachusetts–SalemArchitectureSalemArchitecture:McIntire".Salemweb.com.Retrieved18August2013. ^"SalemMassachusetts–SalemArchitecture17th&18thCenturies:Overview".Salemweb.com.Retrieved18August2013. ^"NationalRegisterInformationSystem".NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.NationalParkService.15April2008. ^"HamiltonHallNHLlistinginfo".Tps.cr.nps.gov.30December1970.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6June2011.Retrieved18August2013. ^"WhatIsaMansion?TheLuxuryHomeNextDoorMightNotQualify".RealEstateNews&Insights|realtor.com®.16October2019. ^StaffWriter."HowManySquareFeetAreinaMansion?".www.reference.com. Externallinks[edit] LookupmansioninWiktionary,thefreedictionary. WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoMansions. ScholiahasatopicprofileforMansion. 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