Influenza - Taiwan Centers for Disease Control

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness. Serious outcomes of influenza infection can ... 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Therearethreetypesofinfluenzaviruses–A,BandC.TheinfluenzaAandBvirusesthatroutinelyspreadinpeople(humaninfluenzaviruses)areresponsibleforseasonalinfluenzaepidemicseachyear.TypeCinfluenzacasesoccurmuchlessfrequentlythanAandB.TypeAinfluenzavirusesarefurtherclassifiedintosubtypesaccordingtothecombinationsofvariousvirussurfaceproteins.AmongmanysubtypesofinfluenzaAviruses,influenzaA(H1N1)andA(H3N2)subtypesarecurrentlycirculatingamonghumans.CurrentlycirculatinginfluenzaBvirusesbelongtooneofthetwofollowinglineages:B/YamagataandB/Victoria. Epidemiology Influenzaoccursgloballywithanannualattackrateestimatedat5%–10%inadultsand20%–30%inchildren.Worldwide,theseannualepidemicsareestimatedtoresultinabout3to5millioncasesofsevereillness,andabout250,000to500,000deaths.InTaiwan,amongoutpatientcasesofinfluenza,about0.5%requirehospitalization,ofwhich7%ofthepatientswithseriouscomplicationsneedintensivecare,andofwhichthemortalityrateisabout20%. Figure:SevereComplicatedInfluenzainTaiwan,2008/7-2019/6. InfluenzaSurveillanceinTaiwan TaiwanNationalInfectiousDiseasesStatisticsSystem(NIDSS) InfluenzaExpress SeasonalInfluenzaVaccine Theinfluenzavaccinationisthemosteffectivewaytopreventinfluenza.Seasonalinfluenzavaccineoffershealthyadultsapproximately70-90%protectionandelderlypeople50-60%protectionagainstclinicalinfluenzaandseverecases.Inaddition,seasonalinfluenzavaccinationis80%effectiveinpreventingdeathamongelderlypeople. Thegovernment-fundedseasonalinfluenzavaccinationcampaignlaunchesbeforefluseasonannuallyinTaiwan.Forthe2019-2020influenzaseason,TaiwanCDCpurchased6milliondosesofquadrivalentinfluenzavaccine.Thevaccinespurchasedforthe2019-2020 influenzaseasoncontainthefollowing:1)A/Brisbane/02/2018(H1N1)pdm09-likevirus,2)A/Kansas/14/2017(H3N2)-likevirus,3)B/Colorado/06/2017-likevirus(B/Victoria/2/87lineage),4)B/Phuket/3073/2013-likevirus(B/Yamagata/16/88lineage). Treatment Themajorityofcurrentlycirculatingseasonalinfluenzavirusesaresusceptibletotheneuraminidaseinhibitorantiviralmedications—oseltamivir,zanamivirandperamivir;however,sporadiccasesofoseltamivirandperamivir-resistantinfluenzaviruseshavebeendetectedworldwideinrecentyears.Antiviraltreatmentwithaneuraminidaseinhibitorisrecommendedasearlyaspossibleforpatientswithconfirmedorsuspectedinfluenzawhohavesevere,complicated,orprogressiveillness;whorequirehospitalization;orwhoareatgreaterriskforinfluenza-relatedcomplications. Thegovernment-fundedinfluenzaantiviraldrugsareusedforeligiblepatients,includingreportedcasesofseverecomplicatedinfluenza,thoseatahighriskforseriousinfluenzacomplications,clusterofinfluenzapatient,reportedcasesofnovelinfluenzaAvirusinfectionsandthosewhohadhistoryofexposuretoconfirmedcasesorprobablecasesofnovelinfluenzaAvirusinfectionsetc.,withoutarapidinfluenzadiagnostictestinordertoensureprompttreatment,preventfurthertransmissionofthedisease,andreducetheoccurrenceofseverecasesanddeaths. Inaddition,TaiwanCDCwillexpandthetargetpopulationforthegovernment-fundedinfluenzaantiviraldrugusetoinfluenza-likeillness(ILI)patients whosefamilymembers/coworkers/classmates alsobediagnosed ILIpatientsduringtheepidemicperiod. PreventionandControl Thebestwaytopreventinfluenzaiswith annualvaccination.TaiwanCDCrecommendsthatpeopleathighriskfordevelopingseriouscomplicationsfrominfluenza,andpeoplewholivewithorcareforhigh riskindividualsgetvaccinatedeachinfluenzaseason.Suchindividualsinclude: childrenandadolescentsaged6monthsthrough18years,especiallythose<5years adultsaged 50andabove,especiallyelderlypeople(≥65yearsofage) residents innursinghomesandotherlong-termcarefacilities(includingemployees) pregnantwomenatanystageofpregnancy parentsofinfantswithin6months lindividualswithchronicmedicalconditions,?includingthosewithBMI≧30,rarediseases,or majorillness/injury healthcareandpublichealthpersonnel kindergartencaretakersandchild-careprofessionals poultryfarmersandanimalhealthinspectors Maintaingoodpersonalhygiene,includingwashinghandsregularlywithsoapandwater,coveringnoseandmouthwithatissuewhenyoucoughingorsneezing. Seekimmiatemedicalattentionwhenrespiratorysymptomssuchasfever,cough,sorethroatandrunningnosedevelop,sothatcomplicationscausedbyinfluenzasuchaspneumoniaandencephalitis,maybeprevented. When sick,restathome.Putonamaskwhenvisitingpublicplaces.Covernoseandmouthwhencoughingorsneezinginordertopreventotherpeoplefromgettingsicktoo. FAQs Whatisseasonalinfluenza? Seasonalinfluenzaiscausedbyinfluenzaviruses,whichinfecttherespiratorytract(i.e.,thenose,throat,lungs).Unlikemanyotherviralrespiratoryinfections,suchasthecommoncold,theinfluenzacancausesevereillnessandlife-threateningcomplicationsinmanypeople. WhenistheinfluenzaepidemicperiodinTaiwan? InTaiwan,theinfluenzaepidemicperiodoccursinthewinter,fromlateNovemberthroughMarch.ThepeakofepidemicperiodhasusuallyoccurredduringtheChineseNewYear.Theoverallhealthimpact(e.g.,infections,hospitalizations,anddeaths)ofaseasonvariesfromyeartoyear.TaiwanCDCmonitorscirculatingfluvirusesandtheirrelateddiseaseactivityandprovidesinfluenzareports(called“InfluenzaExpress”)eachweekfromOctoberthroughMay. Howdoesinfluenzaspread? Themainwayofinfluenzavirusesspreadingisfrompersontopersonthroughrespiratorydropletsofcoughsandsneezes.Thesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.Lessoften,apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose.Toavoidthis,peopleshouldstayawayfromsickpeopleandstayhomeifsick.Itisalsoimportanttowashhandsoftenwithsoapandwater. IfIgotinfluenza,willIneedtoreporttoTaiwanCDC? InTaiwan,influenzaisnotoneofthenotifiablediseases.Influenzacasesarenotrequiredtobereported.However,“SevereComplicatedInfluenza”isoneoftheCategoryIVNotifiableDiseases.PatientswithseriousinfluenzacomplicationswhoneedICUtreatmentandassociateddeathsarerequiredtobereportedwithinoneweek’stime. Moreinformation TaiwanNationalInfectiousDiseasesStatisticsSystem(NIDSS) NationalNotifiableDiseaseSurveillanceSystem WHO:Influenza(Seasonal) USCDC:SeasonalInfluenza:FluBasics   Images AttachedFiles 7Thingsyoumaynotknowaboutpregnancy.jpg CultivateGoodHabitstoPreventInfluenzaandNovelInfluenzaA.jpg PublishTime2014/11/25 ::: Sitemap PrivacyPolicy SecurityPolicy GovernmentWebsiteOpenInformationAnnouncement Director-mail CopyrightNoticeonHealthEducationalMaterials TaiwanCentersforDiseaseControl No.6,LinsenS.Rd.,JhongjhengDistrict,TaipeiCity10050,Taiwan(R.O.C.) MAP TEL：886-2-2395-9825 Copyright©2019TaiwanCentersforDiseaseControl.Allrightsreserved.