China Airlines Flight 611 - Wikipedia

China Airlines Flight 611 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now Taoyuan International Airport) in ... ChinaAirlinesFlight611 FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch 2002passengerplanedisintegrationabovetheTaiwanStrait Thisarticle'suseofexternallinksmaynotfollowWikipedia'spoliciesorguidelines.Pleaseimprovethisarticlebyremovingexcessiveorinappropriateexternallinks,andconvertingusefullinkswhereappropriateintofootnotereferences.(April2019)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) ChinaAirlinesFlight611Theaircraftinvolvedin2001onfinalapproachatTaiwanTaoyuanInternationalAirportAccidentDate25 May 2002 (2002-05-25)SummaryIn-flightbreak-upcausedbymetalfatiguefromanearlierimproperlyrepairedtailstrikeSite23nauticalmiles(26 mi;43 km)northeastofMakung,PenghuIslands,TaiwanStrait23°59′23″N119°40′45″E/23.98972°N119.67917°E/23.98972;119.67917Coordinates:23°59′23″N119°40′45″E/23.98972°N119.67917°E/23.98972;119.67917AircraftAircraft typeBoeing747-209BOperatorChinaAirlinesIATAflightNo.CI611ICAOflightNo.CAL611CallsignDYNASTY611RegistrationB-18255FlightoriginTaiwanTaoyuanInternationalAirportDestinationHongKongInternationalAirportOccupants225Passengers206Crew19Fatalities225Survivors0 ChinaAirlinesFlight611wasaregularlyscheduledpassengerflightfromChiangKai-shekInternationalAirport(nowTaoyuanInternationalAirport)inTaiwantoHongKongInternationalAirportinHongKong.On25May2002,theBoeing747-209BoperatingtheroutedisintegratedinmidairandcrashedintotheTaiwanStrait,23nauticalmiles(26 mi;43 km)northeastofthePenghuIslands,20 minutesaftertakeoff,killingall225peopleonboard.Thein-flightbreak-upwascausedbyimproperrepairstotheaircraft22yearsearlier.Asof2021,thecrashremainsthedeadliestinTaiwanesehistory,aswellasthemostrecentaccidentofa747involvingpassengerfatalities. Contents 1Flightanddisaster 2Passengers 3Search,recoveryandinvestigation 4Metalfatiguecracking 5Aircraft 6Aftermath 7Seealso 8Notes 8.1Namesinnativelanguages 9References 10Externallinks Flightanddisaster[edit] Theflighttookoffat15:08localtime(07:08UTC),andwasscheduledtoarriveatHongKongat16:28HKT(08:28UTC).Theflightcrewconsistedof51-year-oldCaptainYiChing-Fong[note1],52-year-oldCaptainShiehYeaShyong[note2],and54-year-oldFlightEngineerChaoSenKuo[note3].[1][2]Allthreepilotswerehighlyexperiencedairmen –bothpilotshadmorethan10,100hoursofflyingtimeandtheflightengineerhadclockedmorethan19,100flighthours.[3]: 3  At15:16,theflightwasclearedtoclimbtoflightlevel350—about35,000feet(11,000 m).At15:33,theaircraftbrokeupinmidairandcontactwaslost.[4][5]ChangChia-juch,theTaiwaneseViceMinisterofTransportationandCommunicationsatthattime,saidthattwoCathayPacificaircraftintheareareceivedB-18255'semergencylocation-indicatorsignals.[6]All206passengersand19crewmembersonboardtheaircraftdied.[7] Passengers[edit] ThepassengersincludedaformerlegislatorandtworeportersfromtheUnitedDailyNews.[6]Mostofthepassengers,114people,weremembersofaTaiwanesegrouptourtothemainlandorganizedbyfourtravelagencies.[8]OneofthepassengersonboardwasTaiwanesepoliticianYouRizheng.[9] Nationality Passengers Crew Total Taiwan 190 19 209 China 9 — 9 HongKong 5 — 5 Singapore 1 — 1 Switzerland 1 — 1 Total 206 19 225 Ofthe225passengersandcrewonboard,remainsof175wererecoveredandidentified.Thefirst82bodieswerefoundfloatingontheoceansurfaceoftheTaiwanStrait,andwererecoveredbyfishingboatsandmilitaryvessels.Contractedrecoveryvesselsweresubsequentlyusedfortherecoveryoftheaircraftwreckageandtheremainingbodies.[10]: 69  Thevictimswereidentifiedbyvisualidentification,personaleffects,fingerprints,dentalexaminations,andthroughDNAtesting.Onlythethreerecoveredflightcrewmemberbodieswereautopsied.Thevictims'bodieswerephotographedandtheirclothingandpossessionswerecatalogedandreturnedtothevictim'sfamilies.Thevictims'records,includingbodydiagrams,injuryprotocols,photographs,andotherdocumentsrelatedtotherecoveryandidentificationoftheindividualswerethencorrelatedforeachidentifiedvictim.[10]: 69  Mostofthevictimshadextensiveinjuriesconsistentwithheadtrauma,tibiaandfibulafractures,significantbackabrasions,andpelvicinjuries.Mostofthebodieswerenearlyintactexcept,insomecases,forfracturedbones.Someofthevictimshadexpansionoflungtissue,subcutaneousemphysema,andbleedingofthenoseandmouth.[10]: 70 Nocarbonremainswerefoundonanyoftherecoveredbodiesortheirclothes,andnosignoffire,burning,orblastdamagewasfound.[10]: 70, 72  Search,recoveryandinvestigation[edit] B-18255seat-plan:  Emptyseat  Notrecovered  Recovered At17:05,amilitaryLockheedC-130Herculesaircraftspottedacrashedairliner23nauticalmiles(26 mi;43 km)northeastofMakung,PenghuIslands.Oilslickswerealsospottedat17:05;thefirstbodywasfoundat18:10.Searchersrecovered15%ofthewreckage,includingpartofthecockpit,andfoundnosignsofburns,explosives,orgunshots.[11][12] Nodistresssignalorcommunicationwassentoutpriortothecrash.[13]RadardatasuggestthattheaircraftbrokeintofourpieceswhileatFL350.Thistheoryissupportedbythefactthatsomelighterarticlesthatwouldhavebeenfoundinsidetheaircraftwerefoundupto80miles(70 nmi;130 km)fromthecrashsiteatvillagesincentralTaiwan.Theitemsincludedmagazines,documents,luggage,photographs,Taiwandollars,aircraftsafetycards[14]andaChinaAirlines-embossed,blood-stainedpillowcase.[15][16] Theplanewassupposedtobelevelingoffthen,asitapproacheditscruisingaltitudeof35,000 ft(11,000 m)Shortlybeforethebreakup,twooftheaircraft'sfourenginesbeganprovidingslightlyhigherthrust,whichwaslaterfoundtohavebeenwithinthenormalrangesofdeviation.Allfourengineswererecoveredfromtheseaandfoundnottohavesufferedanymalfunctionpriortothecrash.PiecesoftheaircraftwerefoundintheoceanandonTaiwan,includinginthecityofChanghua.[17][18] ThegovernmentsofTaiwanandthePeople'sRepublicofChinaco-operatedintherecoveryoftheaircraft;theChineseallowedpersonnelfromTaiwantosearchforbodiesandaircraftfragmentsinthosepartsoftheTaiwanStraitcontrolledbythePeople'sRepublicofChina.[4][19] ChinaAirlinesrequestedrelativestosubmitbloodsamplesforDNAtestingattheCriminalInvestigationBureauofNationalPoliceAdministration(nowNationalPoliceAgency)andtwootherlocations.[20] TheUnitedDailyNewsstatedthatsomerelativesofpassengersdescribedtheexistenceofthisflighttoHongKongasbeing"unnecessary".MostofthepassengersintendedtoarriveinmainlandChina,butbecauseofalackofdirectairlinksbetweenTaiwanandmainlandChina,thetravelershadtoflyviaHongKong;therelativesadvocatedtheopeningofdirectairlinksbetweenTaiwanandmainlandChina,[19]whichwaseventuallyrealized. Metalfatiguecracking[edit] Thefinalinvestigationreportfoundthattheaccidentwastheresultoffatiguecrackingcausedbyinadequatemaintenanceafteramuchearliertailstrikeincident.On7February1980,theaircraftwasflyingfromStockholmArlandaAirporttoTaoyuanInternationalAirportviaKingAbdulazizInternationalAirportandKaiTakInternationalAirportasChinaAirlinesFlight009.WhilelandinginHongKong,partoftheplane'stailhadscrapedalongtherunway.[10]: 10 Theaircraftwasdepressurized,ferriedbacktoTaiwanonthesameday,andatemporaryrepairdonethedayafter.[10]: 11 AmorepermanentrepairwasconductedbyateamfromChinaAirlinesfrom23Maythrough26May1980.[10]: 12  ThepermanentrepairofthetailstrikewasnotcarriedoutinaccordancewiththeBoeingStructuralRepairManual(SRM).[10]: 157–158 AccordingtotheSRM,repairscouldbemadebyreplacingtheentireaffectedskinorbycuttingoutthedamagedportionandinstallingareinforcingdoublerplatetorestorethestructuralstrength.[10]: 60–61 RatherthanfollowingtheSRM,theChinaAirlinesteaminstalledadoubleroverthedamagedskin.[10]: 160  Thoughthekindofdamageinflictedonthetailwasfarbeyondthedamagethatadoublerplateismeanttofix,thisaccidentprobablywouldnothaveoccurredhadthedoublerbeeninstalledproperly.Thiswouldmeanthatallofthescratcheswouldbecompletelycontainedbytheinnermostrowoffasteners,andthefastenersthemselveswouldbestrongenoughtostopthepropagationofanynewandexistingfatiguecracks.However,thedoublerthatwasinstalledontheaircraftwastoosmall,sofailedtocompletelyandeffectivelycoverthedamagedarea,asscratcheswerefoundat,andoutside,theoutermostrowoffastenerssecuringthedoubler.[10]: 74–80 Installingthedoublerwithscratchesremainingoutsidetherivetsprovidednoprotectionagainstthepropagationofanyconcealedcracksbeneaththedoubler,orworse,intheareabetweenitsperimeterandtherowsofrivets.[10]: 159  Consequently,afterrepeatedcyclesofpressurizationanddepressurizationduringflight,cracksbegantoformaroundtheexposedscratches.Finally,on25May2002,coincidentally22yearstothedayafterthefaultyrepairwasmadeonthedamagedtail,thehullbrokeopeninmidair.Anexplosivedecompressionoccurredoncethecrackopenedup,causingtheseparationoftheaircraft'sfuselageatsection46(aftofthemainwingbox).[21]Theremainderoftheaircraftforwardofsection46enteredanabruptdescent,causingallfourenginestoseparatefromthewingsnear-simultaneously,astheenginefusepinsfailedabout29,000feet(8,800 m).Afterthispoint,thewingsandfuselageforwardoftheinitialbreakpointremainedconnecteduntilimpactwiththesea. Thiswasnotthefirsttimethata747hadcrashedbecauseofafaultyrepairfollowingatailstrike.On12August1985,17yearsbeforeFlight611'scrashand5yearsaftertheaccidentaircraft'srepair,JapanAirlinesFlight123fromTokyotoOsakawith524peopleonboardhadcrashedwhentheverticalstabilizerwastornoffandthehydraulicsystemsseveredbyexplosivedecompression,leavingonlyfoursurvivors.Thatcrashhadbeenattributedtoafaultyrepairtotherearpressurebulkhead,whichhadbeendamagedin1978inatailstrikeincident.[22]Inbothcrashes,adoublerplatewasnotinstalledaccordingtoBoeingstandards. ChinaAirlinesdisputedmuchofthereport,statingthatinvestigatorsdidnotfindthepiecesoftheaircraftthatwouldprovethecontentsoftheinvestigationreport.[23] Aircraft[edit] Theaircraftinvolved,registrationB-18255(originallyregisteredasB-1866),MSN21843,wastheonlyBoeing747-200passengeraircraftleftintheChinaAirlinesfleetatthetime.Itwasdeliveredtotheairlinein1979,andhadloggedmorethan64,800hoursofflighttimeatthetimeoftheaccident.[24][25][26][27]Theaircrafthada274-seatconfiguration.[28]Priortothecrash,ChinaAirlineshadsoldB-18255toOrientThaiAirlinesforUS$1.45million.Theaccidentflightwastobetheaircraft'spenultimateflightforChinaAirlines,asitwasscheduledtobedeliveredtoOrientThaiAirlinesafteritsreturnflightfromHongKongtoTaipei.ThecontracttoselltheaircraftwasvoidedafterthecrashandOrientThaireplacedtheoriginalaircraftitsupposedtobeacquiredwithanother747afterthecrash.[4] Onlyfourpassenger747-200sweredeliveredtoChinaAirlines,allfrom1979to1980.Theotherthreehadbeeninfullpassengerserviceuntil1999,whentheywereconvertedtofreighters.TheywereimmediatelygroundedbytheROC'sCivilAviationAdministration(CAA)afterthecrashformaintenancechecks.[29][30][31] Aftermath[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(July2020)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Afterthecrash,ChinaAirlinesretiredtheflightnumber611asamarkofrespecttothevictims,withtheflightnumberchangedto619.[32]TherouteTaipeitoHongKongisservedonmanyotherflights,including903,641,605(whichwasalsoinvolvedinanaccident),909,913,915,617,679,923,927,and951. Asof2021,thecurrentflightsare903,641,909,915,919,923,921,and601,flownonamixedfleetofBoeing777,AirbusA330,AirbusA350,andBoeing737aircraft. Inaddition,aBoeing737-800aircraftregisteredasB-18611waschangedtoB-18617in2006forthesamereason. B-1866,theaircraftformerregistrationlaterassignedtoanotherregisteredaircraft12yearslaterin2014,whichiscurrentlyflyinginChinaoperatingforLoongAir,anAirbusA320. Seealso[edit] Listofaccidentsandincidentsinvolvingcommercialaircraft JapanAirLinesFlight123,anotheraviationaccident,alsocausedbyafaultytailstrikerepair7yearspriortotheaccident Notes[edit] Namesinnativelanguages[edit] ^YiChing-Fong:易清豐;YìQīngfēng;ICingfong ^ShiehYeaShyong:謝亞雄;XièYàxióng;SyiehYasyong ^ChaoSenKuo:趙盛國;ZhàoShèngguó;JhaoShengkuo References[edit] ^"NewsupdateofChinaAirlinesCI611Flight."ChinaAirlines.25May2002.Archived6August2002attheWaybackMachineRetrievedon3May2009. ^"Versiontime:2002/05/28PM02:00CI611/25May."ChinaAirlines.28May2002.Archived6August2002attheWaybackMachineRetrievedon3May2009. ^"In-FlightBreakupOvertheTaiwanStraitNortheastofMakung,PenghuIsland,ChinaAirlinesFlightCI611,Boeing747-200,B-18255,May25,2002"(PDF).AviationOccurrenceReport.Taipei,Taiwan:AviationSafetyCouncil.2.25February2005.ASC-AOR-05-02-001.Retrieved9September2020. ^abcBhandari,Amit;Ananthanarayanan,Ravi(26May2002)."Catastrophicfailure,buthow?".TheTimesofIndia.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5November2014.Retrieved3May2009.Allbutoneofthe225personsonboardtheplanewereChinese.MostwerefromTaiwan,whileotherscamefromChina,HongKong,Macau,orSingapore.Theonlynon-ChineseforeignerwasSwiss,identifiedbyTheTaipeiTimes"asaMrLuigiHeer." ^Bradsher,Keith(25May2002)."TaiwaneseAirlinerWith225AboardCrashesinSea".TheNewYorkTimes.ISSN 0362-4331.Retrieved3November2014. ^abLow,Stephanie;Yu-jung,Chang(26May2002)."CAL747crasheswith225aboard".TaipeiTimes.All19crewmembers,aswellas190passengersonboard,wereTaiwanese,includingtwoUnitedDailyNewsreportersandaformerlegislator.Inadditionto14HongKong,Macau,andChineseresidents,foreignpassengersalsoincludedoneSingaporean,identifiedasSimYong-joo,andoneSwiss,identifiedasLuigiHeer. ^Chinoy,Mike(25May2002)."All225feareddeadinTaiwanaircrash".CNN.Retrieved11November2014. ^"Taiwan'sTragicAirCrashKills225People".People'sDaily.26May2002.Retrieved3November2014. ^"前立委游日正改行程搭上死亡班機"[FormerlegislatorchangeshisitineraryduringatriptoJapantocatchthedeathflight].LibertyTimes(inChinese).26May2002.Retrieved12April2019. ^abcdefghijkl"In-FlightBreakupOvertheTaiwanStraitNortheastofMakung,PenghuIsland,ChinaAirlinesFlightCI611,Boeing747-200,B-18255,May25,2002"(PDF).AviationOccurrenceReport.Taipei,Taiwan:AviationSafetyCouncil.1(ASC-AOR-05-02-001).25February2005.Retrieved11February2017. ^"ChinaAirlinesflight611disasterTzuChimobilizesvolunteersfromalloverTaiwantohelp".TzuchiNews.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13November2007.Retrieved8July2020. ^"CrashedChinaAirlinesPlaneSaidtoBreakupinSky".People'sDaily.27May2002.Retrieved8July2020. ^"ChinamissileruledoutinTaiwancrash".CNN.27May2002.–Versionwithfullpictures:[1] ^"MaydaySeason7,Episode1,"ScratchingTheSurface"".Mayday(CanadianTVseries).CineflixProductions. ^"MilitaryaviationexpertsaysflawsinTaiwanplanecrashtheory:report".TheNamibian.8July2002.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19April2003.Retrieved3May2009. ^"78BodiesFromCrashedTaiwanesePlaneRetrieved".XinhuaNewsAgency.26May2002.Retrieved3May2009.[deadlink] ^"RelativesflytoTaiwancrashsite".BBCNews.BBC.26May2002. ^Gittings,John(25May2002)."225deadinmysteryTaiwancrash".TheGuardian.TheObserver.ISSN 0261-3077.Retrieved11November2014. ^abLam,WillyWo-Lap(27May2002)."CrashbringsTaiwan,Chinatogether".CNN.Retrieved27May2009. ^"NEWSUPDATEOFB18255INCIDENT(6)."ChinaAirlinesArchived4August2002attheWaybackMachine4August2002. ^"Cracksblamedfor2002ChinaAirlinescrash".CBCNews.CanadianBroadcastingCorporation.25February2005.Retrieved8July2020. ^"Boeingadmitsbadworkonill-fatedJapaneseBoeing747".Star-News.8September1985.Retrieved1June2012. ^"ChinaAirlinesStatementonCI611AccidentInvestigationReport"(Pressrelease).ChinaAirlines.25February2005.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1March2005.Retrieved16January2015. ^"ChinaAirlines".Archivedfromtheoriginalon4August2002.Retrieved22April2010. ^Marshall,Tyler;Tsai,Ting-I(26May2002)."JetCrashesOffTaiwanWith225PeopleAboard".LosAngelesTimes.Retrieved11November2014. ^"B-18255ChinaAirlinesBoeing747-200".www.planespotters.net.PlaneSpotters.Retrieved8July2020. ^"ChinaAirlinesB-18255(Boeing747-MSN21843)(ExB-1866)".www.airfleets.net.Airfleetsaviation.Retrieved8July2020. ^"B-18255SeatPlan".www.iasa.com.au.InternationalAviationSafetyAssociation.Retrieved8July2020. ^Ranter,Harro."ASNAircraftaccidentBoeing747-209BB-18255".aviation-safety.net.AviationSafetyNetwork.Retrieved3November2014. ^Bradsher,Keith(27May2002)."TaiwanAirlinerBrokeApartinMidair,InvestigatorsSay".TheNewYorkTimes.ISSN 0362-4331.Retrieved3November2014. ^"ChinaAirlinesBoeing747sfrom1985-1999".www.planespotters.net.PlaneSpotters.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24September2014.Retrieved3November2014. ^"CI619(CAL619)ChinaAirlinesFlightTrackingandHistory".FlightAware.Retrieved8July2020. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoChinaAirlinesFlight611. AviationSafetyCouncil ASC-AOR-05-02-001,theofficialASCdocuments. Englishlanguagefinalreport,Volume1(Archive)-Alternatelink Englishlanguagefinalreport,Volume2(Archive)-Alternatelink Interimflightsafetybulletin ASC-AOR-05-02-001,officialASCdocumentsinChinese–Chineseistheoriginalversionandthelanguageofreference Chineselanguagefinalreport,Volume1(Archive)-Alternatelink Chineselanguagefinalreport,Volume2(Archive)-Alternatelink Interimflightsafetybulletin BallisticTrajectoryAnalysisfortheCI611AccidentInvestigation(Archive) Yang,Minghao(楊明浩),LiBaokang(李寶康),SuShuikao(蘇水灶),andGuanWenlin(官文霖)."華航CI-611事故調查地理資訊系統整合"[ChinaAirlinesCI-611accidentinvestigationgeographicinformationsystemintegration](inChinese)(Archive).-IncludesEnglishabstract ChinaAirlines 0525FlightCI611StatusUpdates ChinaAirlinesStatementonCI611AccidentInvestigationReport Media "ChinaAirlinesbackinthedock,"BBC BetweentheShoresofLifeandDeath SettheKiteFree TaiwansayscrashedChinaAirjetmissedcheck-ups Other "ChinaAirlines747NearTaipei".LessonsLearned.FederalAviationAdministration. 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