Backhoe - Wikipedia

A backhoe—also called rear actor or back actor—is a type of excavating equipment, or digger, consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part ... Backhoe FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Typeexcavatingequipment(vehicle) NottobeconfusedwithBacknoeEnd. Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Backhoe" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April2011)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) RearviewofaJCB3CX;thebackhoeisremovingatreestump.Horizontalstabilizerspreventthevehiclefromtippinglaterallywhenthearmisextended.Abackhoe—alsocalledrearactororbackactor—isatypeofexcavatingequipment,ordigger,consistingofadiggingbucketontheendofatwo-partarticulatedarm.Itistypicallymountedonthebackofatractororfrontloader,thelatterforminga"backhoeloader"(aUSterm,butknownasa"JCB"inIrelandandtheUK).[1]Thesectionofthearmclosesttothevehicleisknownastheboom,whilethesectionthatcarriesthebucketisknownasthedipper(ordipper-stick),bothtermsderivedfromsteamshovels.Theboomisgenerallyattachedtothevehiclethroughapivotknownastheking-post,whichallowsthearmtopivotleftandright,usuallythroughatotalof180to200degrees. Contents 1Description 2Origins 3Backhoefade 4Notablemanufacturers 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks Description[edit] ExcavatordigginginTokyo,Japan KobelcoExcavatorinshovelconfiguration Theterm"backhoe"referstotheactionofthebucket,notitslocationonthevehicle.[2]Thatis,abackhoedigsbydrawingearthbackwards,ratherthanliftingitwithaforwardmotionlikeapersonshovelling,asteamshovel,orabulldozer.Thebucketsonsomebackhoesmaybereconfiguredfacingforward,makingthem"hoes". Atractor-loaderbackhoe(TLB)isatractor-likevehiclewithabackhoeattherear,afrontloaderontheotherandaswivellingseattopositiontheoperatorfacingwhicheverdirectionisneededatthetime.InNorthAmerica,thisarrangementisoftenreferredtoassimplyabackhoe,orwhenonachassisoriginallyderivedfromfarmtractors,atractor-loaderbackhoe.Todifferentiate,abackhoeonitsowndedicatedchassismaythenbereferredtoasanexcavator. Backhoeloaderscanbedesignedandmanufacturedfromthestartassuch,orcanbetheresultofafarmtractorequippedwithafrontendloader(FEL)andrearbackhoe.Thoughsimilarlooking,thepurpose-designedbackhoeloadersaremuchstronger,withthefarmvariationunsuitableforheavywork. Withtheadventofhydraulicpoweredattachmentssuchasatiltrotator,breaker,agrappleoranauger,thebackhoeisfrequentlyusedinmanyapplicationsotherthanexcavationandwiththetiltrotatorattachmentservesasaneffectivetoolcarrier.Manybackhoesfeaturequickcoupler(quick-attach)mountingsystemsforsimplifiedattachmentmounting,dramaticallyincreasingthemachine'sutilizationonthejobsite.Backhoesareusuallyemployedtogetherwithloadersandbulldozers.Excavatorsthatuseabackhoearesometimescalled"trackhoes"bypeoplewhodonotrealizethenameisduetotheactionofthebucket,notitslocationonabackhoeloader. Backhoeloadersaregeneral-purposetools,andarebeingdisplacedtosomeextentbymultiplespecialisttoolsliketheexcavatorandthespecialityfront-endloader,especiallywiththeriseofthemini-excavator.Onmanyjobsiteswhichwouldhavepreviouslyseenabackhoeused,askid-steerloaderandaminiexcavatorwillbeusedinconjunctiontofillthebackhoe'srole.However,backhoesarestillingeneraluse.Thedifferencebetweenthebackhoeandtheskid-steerloader,arethatthebackhoehasattachmentsbackandfront,whereastheskid-steerloaderonlyhasfrontattachments,however,theattachmentversatilityonaskid-steerloaderismuchgreater. Sometimesabackhoebucketisreversedtoworkinapowershovelconfiguration.[3] Sometimesabackhoearmisusedasacrane,byslingingtheliftedobjectfromthesupportlinkagesbehindthescoop(advisablynotfromtheteeth,preferablyfromahookweldedonabucket,quickcouplerortiltrotator).[4] Origins[edit] Wain-RoyBackhoemountedtoaFordtractor1948 TerramiteT1USPatent#3362548A Thebackhoeswingframewasinventedin1947byVaino(pronounced"Waino")J.HolopainenandRoyE.HandyJr.Theswingframe"allowedthehydraulicdiggingarmtoswingtothesidetodumpthebucketunderUSpatent#2,698,697".[5][6]InApril1948Wain-RoyCorporationsoldtheveryfirsthydraulicbackhoe,mountedtoaFordModel8Ntractor,totheConnecticutLightandPowerCompanyfor$705.[5] Thefirsttractor-loaderbackhoewasaWain-RoybackhoemountedtoaFrankG.Houghmodel"HE"in1952inHolden,Massachusetts,US,fortheHoldenWaterDepartment.TheF.G.HoughCompanywasasubsidiaryoftheInternationalHarvesterCompany.Byearly1954,twoHough"Payloader"modelwheelloaders,theHEandtheHF,wereavailablewithWain-Roybackhoes.In1954theWain-RoyCorporationnegotiatedadealwithIHfortheHoughTLBfull-scaleproductiononseveralothermodelsofHoughloaders.[7] Inthesameyear,JCBlaunchedthefirstEuropeanhydraulicloader,followedbyabackhoewitha180°slew,fittedtoatractor,in1953.In1957,CasedevelopedthefirstintegratedtractorbackhoeloaderattheCaseNewHollandplantinBurlington,Vermont,helpingcontractorscompletetheirworkmoreefficiently.[8] JCBintroducedthefirstdedicatedbackhoeloader,incorporatingtheexcavatorandthemajorloaderinasingle,all-purposetool.[9] In1960,VainoHolopainenwasintroducedas"Mr.Backhoe"toHenryFordII.[7]Wain-RoycontinuedtoproducethemforForduntil1963,whenFordstartedmakingtheirown.Wain-RoyCorporationlaterboughttheACAndersonCompany.[7]AlthoughtheWain-RoyCorporationnolongerexists,theWain-RoyproductlineofbackhoeattachmentsandcouplersisstillavailablethroughtheWoodsEquipmentCompanyofRockford,Illinois,US.[citationneeded]In1965,KellyG.Cunninghamusedthe7.6GravelyTractortocreatetheTerramiteModel1compactbackhoe,knownastheT1.[10] Becauseofthelong-timepredominanceoftheJCBmarqueintheUnitedKingdomandIreland,ithasbecomeagenericizedtrademarkthere,andbackhoe-equippeddiggersarecommonlycalledJCBs,whiletheterm"backhoe"asanexcavatorcomponentisalmostunknowntothegeneralpublicinthiscontext.ThefounderoftheJCBcompany,JosephCyrilBamford,istheonlyBritontobehonoredintheAssociationofEquipmentManufacturersHallofFame.[9] Backhoefade[edit] "Backhoefade"or"JCBfade"isatermcoinedbythetelecommunicationsfieldtorefertoaccidentaldamageorcompleteseveringofacommunicationscablebyabackhoeorsimilarconstructionactivity.[11][12] Thetermisaplayonothertypesofsignalloss,especiallyonwirelessnetworks.Mostofthesecauseareductioninthesignal,suchasrainfade.Acablesubjectedto"backhoefade"isinsteadasuddenandinitiallyinexplicablelossofsignalexperiencedwhenacableisaccidentallydugupanddamagedorcut. Notablemanufacturers[edit] CaseCE,UnitedStates(subsidiaryofCNH,Netherlands) CaterpillarInc.,UnitedStates Deere&Company,UnitedStates FordMotorCompany,UnitedStates HitachiConstructionMachinery(Europe),Netherlands(subsidiaryofHitachiConstructionMachinery,Japan) Hydrema,Denmark JCB,UnitedKingdom Komatsu,Japan Kubota,Japan LiuGong,China MasseyFerguson,UnitedStates(subsidiaryofAGCO,UnitedStates) NewHollandConstruction,Italy Terex,UnitedStates VolvoConstructionEquipment,Sweden(subsidiaryofVolvo,Sweden) XCMG,China Seealso[edit] Backhoeloader References[edit] ^Glancey,Jonathan(20April2007)."ClassicsofeverydaydesignNo 16".TheGuardian.GuardianNewsandMediaLimited.Retrieved19August2017. ^"TractorBackHoe&LoaderMechanism".Retrieved2019-04-23. ^"PowerShovels"(PDF).2018-01-19.Retrieved2019-05-03. ^"StrategicForumforConstruction".2014-09-14.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2014-09-14.Retrieved2018-03-27. ^ab"Thesearetheforgotteninventorsofthebackhoe,newbookclaims".EquipmentWorld.6July2018.Retrieved2019-05-17. ^"Wain-Royandtheinventionofthebackhoeastoldin1991".YouTube.Retrieved2020-02-05. ^abcHorton,Lee(2018)."Wain-RoyandtheInventionoftheBackhoe".www.digrock.com.Retrieved2020-02-05. ^"IntegratedtractorbackhoehasrootsinsoutheastIowa".TheWashingtonTimes.Retrieved2019-05-25. ^abPhillips,David(2001-03-05)."Obituary:JosephBamford|News".TheGuardian.London.Retrieved2009-09-15. ^T7OperatorsHandbook,Maintenance,Service&PartsManual,TerramiteConstructionEquipment,published3/2007 ^"backhoefade–technicaldefinition".YourDictionary.yourdictionary.com.2010.Retrieved2012-08-12.Originalsource:Webster'sNewWorldTelecomDictionary,2010byWileyPublishing,Inc. ^Urimindi,Reddy(2005)."NetworkProtectionandRedundancy".(referto'backhoefade').NeptecOpticalSolutions.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember30,2007.Retrieved2007-03-08. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoBackhoeloaders. 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