Strelitzia reginae - Wikipedia

Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the crane flower, bird of paradise, or isigude in Nguni, is a species of flowering plant indigenous to South Africa. Strelitziareginae FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Speciesoffloweringplant Strelitziareginae Flower Scientificclassification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Zingiberales Family: Strelitziaceae Genus: Strelitzia Species: S. reginae Binomialname StrelitziareginaeBanks[1][2] Strelitziareginae,commonlyknownasthecraneflower,birdofparadise,orisigudeinNguni,[3]isaspeciesoffloweringplantindigenoustoSouthAfrica.Anevergreenperennial,itiswidelycultivatedforitsdramaticflowers.Intemperateareasitisapopularhouseplant. Contents 1Taxonomy 2Description 3Cultivationanduses 4Allergenicpotential 5Gallery 6References 7Externallinks Taxonomy[edit] JosephBanksdescribedthespeciesin1788.[2]Thespecificepithetreginaemeans“ofthequeen”,andcommemoratestheBritishqueenCharlotteofMecklenburg-Strelitz,wifeofGeorgeIII.[3]Commonnamessuchas“craneflower”and“birdofparadise”referencetheopenflower’sresemblancetotheheadandbeakofacolourfulexoticbird.[4] AnewsubspecieswasdiscoveredgrowingalongsidetheMzimvubuRiverinSouthAfrica’sEasternCapein2002.[5]Whenwild-collectedplantsbegantoflowerinthegreenhouseatKirstenbosch,theywerenotedtohavewhite,ratherthanthetypicalblueinnerpetals.Theyalsohadashorterstigma(10-15mmvs.30mm)andsubtledifferencesoftheleaves.ThenewsubspeciesiscalledStrelitziareginaesubsp.mzimvubuensis.[6] GeneticanalysisrevealsStrelitziajunceahasbeenshowntobegeneticallynestedwithinS.reginae.Itispossiblyamutationthatisintheprocessofspeciating.[7] Description[edit] Theplantgrowsto2 m(6.6 ft)tall,withlarge,strongleaves25–70 cm(9.8–27.6 in)longand10–30 cm(3.9–11.8 in)broad,producedonpetiolesupto1 m(39 in)long.Theleavesareevergreenandarrangedintworanks,makingafan-shapedcrown.Theflowersstandabovethefoliageatthetipsoflongstalks.Thehard,beak-likesheathfromwhichthefloweremergesistermedthespathe.Thisisplacedperpendiculartothestem,whichgivesittheappearanceofabird'sheadandbeak;itmakesadurableperchforholdingthesunbirdswhichpollinatetheflowers.Theflowers,whichemergeoneatatimefromthespathe,consistofthreebrilliantorangesepalsandthreepurplish-blueorwhitepetals.Twoofthepetalsarejoinedtogethertoformanarrow-likenectary.Whenthesunbirdssittodrinkthenectar,thethirdpetalopenstoreleasetheantherandcovertheirfeetinpollen.[8] Cultivationanduses[edit] Strelitziareginaeisverypopularasanornamentalplant.ItwasfirstintroducedtoBritainin1773,whenitwasgrownattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew.Sincethen,ithasbeenwidelyintroducedaroundtheworld,includingtheAmericasandAustralia,growingwellinanyareathatissunnyandwarm.IntheUnitedStates,FloridaandCaliforniaarethemainareasofcultivation,duetotheirwarmclimate.ItisacommonornamentalplantinSouthernCalifornia,andhasbeenchosenastheOfficialFloweroftheCityofLosAngeles.[9][10] Inareaswithcoldwintersitisnormallygrownunderglass,inacoolsunnypositionsuchasagreenhouseorconservatory,asittoleratesonlylightfrosts[11]anddoesnotgrowwellintemperaturesbelow10 °C(50 °F).Howeveritmaybeplacedoutsideduringthesummermonths.IthasgainedtheRoyalHorticulturalSociety'sAwardofGardenMerit.[12][13] Itisalow-maintenanceplantthatiseasytogrowinthegarden;itisfairlytolerantofsoilconditionsandneedslittlewateronceestablished.Ifcaredforwell,theywillflowerseveraltimesinayear.Theywillthriveinrichloamysoil,especiallywhentheygetplentyofwaterthroughouttheyear.Theydowellinfullsuntosemi-shadeandrespondwelltoregularfeedingwithacontrolledreleasefertiliserandcompost.[citationneeded]Theyaresensitivetocoldandneedtobeshelteredfromfrost,asitcandamagetheflowersandleaves. Strelitziareginaeispropagatedbyseedordivision.Seedlingsareslow-growingandwillnotbloomforthreetofiveyears,thoughitcanexceptionallyflowerattwoyears.[14]Itflowersonlywhenproperlyestablishedanddivisionoftheplantmayaffectfloweringpatterns.Theflowersare,however,quitelong-lastingoncetheyappear.Peakfloweringisinthewinterandearlyspring.Thereisayellow-floweredcultivarofthisplantknownas‘Mandela'sGold’.[15] Allergenicpotential[edit] Bird-of-paradiseplantshaveanOPALSallergyscaleratingof1,andareconsidered"allergy-fighting";theyproducenoairbornepollen.[16] Gallery[edit] var.takiHort closeup,JardimBotânicodaMadeira BermudaBotanicalGardens NassauBay,Texas 'Mandela'sGold',KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden,CapeTown Kolkata,India References[edit] ^"Strelitziareginae".GermplasmResourcesInformationNetwork(GRIN).AgriculturalResearchService(ARS),UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA).Retrieved2008-03-10. ^ab"Strelitziareginae".WorldChecklistofSelectedPlantFamilies.RoyalBotanicGardens,Kew.Retrieved2017-08-03. ^ab"Strelitziareginae".PlantZAfrica.com.Retrieved24November2018. ^"PlantsoftheWorldOnline:StrelitziareginaeBanks".KewScience.Retrieved24November2018. ^Baijnath,Himansu;McCracken,PatriciaA.(2018).StrelitziasoftheWorld:AHistorical&ContemporaryExploration.Durban:DurbanBotanicGardensTrust.ISBN 978-0-9947221-2-6. ^"Strelitziareginaesubsp.mzimvubuensis|PlantZAfrica".pza.sanbi.org.Retrieved2021-05-22. ^Cron,GlynisV.;Pirone,Cary;Bartlett,Madelaine;Kress,W.John;Specht,Chelsea(2012)."PhylogeneticRelationshipsandEvolutionintheStrelitziaceae(Zingiberales)".SystematicBotany.37(3):606–619.doi:10.1600/036364412X648562.S2CID 17046806. ^GibbsRussell,G.E.,W.G.M.Welman,E.Retief,K.L.Immelman,G.Germishuizen,B.J.Pienaar,M.VanWyk&A.Nicholas.1987.ListofspeciesofsouthernAfricanplants.MemoirsoftheBotanicalSurveyofSouthAfrica2(1–2):1–152(pt.1),1–270(pt.2). ^Nichols,Chris(19October2015)."AskChris:WhenDidtheBirdofParadiseBecometheOfficialFlowerofL.A.?".lamag.com.Retrieved21May2017. ^"GettoknowtheofficialflowerandtreeofLosAngeles".dailynews.com.20March2014.Retrieved21May2017. ^"Plants&Flowers »Strelitziareginae".plantsrescue.com.Retrieved25May2021. ^"RHSPlantSelector-Strelitziareginae".Retrieved5March2021. ^"AGMPlants-Ornamental"(PDF).RoyalHorticulturalSociety.July2017.p. 99.Retrieved21November2018. ^Joffe,P.EasyGuidetoIndigenousShrubs,BrizaPublications,2003ISBN 1-875093-40-0 ^"Strelitziareginae'Mandela'sGold'".pza.sanbi.org.Retrieved21May2017. ^Ogren,Thomas(2015).TheAllergy-FightingGarden.Berkeley,CA:TenSpeedPress.p. 200.ISBN 978-1-60774-491-7. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoStrelitziareginae. WikispecieshasinformationrelatedtoStrelitziareginae. CatalogueofLife EcoPort EncyclopediaofLife EPPOGlobalDatabase FloriData GBIF iNaturalist ITIS GlobalBioticInteractions MissouriBotanicalGarden PlantsoftheWorldOnline PlantZAfrica SFBotanicalGarden UniversityofFloridaEDIS Taxonidentifiers Wikidata:Q148904 Wikispecies:Strelitziareginae APDB:42850 EoL:345180 EPPO:STZRE GBIF:2763116 GRIN:35769 iNaturalist:49143 IPNI:798194-1 ITIS:897449 MoBotPF:282766 NCBI:255355 NZOR:996bd622-ff8f-450a-9a9a-d683475b629b PlantList:kew-267262 PLANTS:STRE5 POWO:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798194-1 Tropicos:21500007 WCSP:267262 WFO:wfo-0000562066 Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strelitzia_reginae&oldid=1044730969" Categories:StrelitziaceaeFloraoftheCapeProvincesFloraofKwaZulu-NatalPlantsdescribedin1789Hiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticleswith'species'microformatsArticlescontainingZulu-languagetextAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2018CommonscategorylinkisonWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikispecies Languages AfrikaansالعربيةCatalàCebuanoČeštinaDeutschDolnoserbskiEspañolفارسیFrançaisGaeilgeGalego한국어HornjoserbsceHrvatskiItalianoעבריתLietuviųMagyarМакедонскиمصرىNederlandsNordfriiskپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsРусскийSuomiSvenskaУкраїнськаTiếngViệtWinaray中文 Editlinks