Examples of reference list entries - APA 6th Edition ... Reference lists in APA are arranged alphabetically by author. When citing sources in the ...
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CitingSourcesofInformation
Suggestedresourcesforcitingsourcescorrectly
HomeToggleDropdownHowtoreadacitationAPA6thEditionSuggestedresourcesExamplesofin-textcitations-APA6thEditionExamplesofreferencelistentries-APA6thEditionCitingChinesesourcesinChinesepapers-ChinesecitationstylesCitingnon-EnglishsourcesinEnglishpapersCitingelectronicsourceswithnopagenumbersAPA7thEditionMLAIEEEOtherStyles(Harvard,Chicago&more)PlagiarismCitationManagementTools
Quicklinks
APAtutorials:
TheBasicsofAPAStyle
What'sNewinthe7thEdition?
CitingFacebook,Youtube,etc.
Downloadablereferencelistexamples(CityULibrary)
Suggestedresources
Printedguidesormanuals
PublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(BF76.7.P83)-6thedition,7thedition.
ConciseRulesofAPAStyle(BF76.7.C662010)
MasteringAPAStyle (BF76.7.G442010)
Websites
APAFormattingandStyleGuidebythePurdueUniversityOnlineWritingLab
Examplesofin-textcitations-APA6thEdition
APAformatfollowstheauthor-datemethodofin-textcitation.Theauthor'slastnameandtheyearofpublicationofthesourcemustappearinthetext.Includepagenumber(s)ifyouneedtobespecific(e.g.directquotes)
Oneauthor
... (Ritter,2013).
ORRitter(2013)foundthat...
Twoauthors
...(Conway&Chang,2001).
ORConwayandChang(2001)foundthat...
Threetofiveauthors
Citeallauthorsthefirsttimethereferenceoccurs
...(Fischer,Perry,&Hout,2006).
ORFischer,Perry,andHout(2006)foundthat...
Insubsequentcitations,includeonlythesurnameofthefirstauthorfollowedbyetal.
...(Fischeretal.,2006).
ORFischeretal.(2006)foundthat...
Sixormoreauthors
...(Rogersetal.,2013).
ORRogeretal.(2013)foundthat...
Citingspecificpartsofasource
(e.g.directquote)
Pagenumber(s)mustbegivenforadirectquote.Ifpossible,whencitingspecificparts,indicatepage,chapter,figure,etc.
AspointedoutbyTufte(2001),"agraphicalelement mayalsoperformadesignfunction"(p.139).
ORItwaspointedoutthat"agraphicalelementmayalsoperformadesignfunction"(Tufte,2001,p.139).
ThestudywasbuiltuponaframeworkdevelopedbyReed(2002,Chapter5).
Examplesofreferencelistentries-APA6thEdition
ReferencelistsinAPAarearrangedalphabeticallybyauthor.
Whencitingsourcesinthereferencelist,invertallauthors’names.Givesurnamesandinitialsforuptosevenauthors.Whenauthornumberexceedsseven,includethefirstsixauthors’name.Theninsertthreeellipsispointsandaddthelastauthor’sname.
ThefollowingexamplesarebasedoninformationprovidedinthePublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,SixEdition.Or,accessthedownloadablePDFfile.
Entirebook
Author,A.A.,&Author,B.B.(Year).Titleofwork:Subtitle(edition.).Location:Publisher.
Editor,A.A.(Ed.).(Year).Titleofwork:Subtitle.Location:Publisher.
Chan,T.C.,&Sin,H.(2009).Constructionprojectmanagement:Fromtheorytopractice.Singapore:PrenticeHall.
Gibert,D.G.,McClernon,J.F.,Rabinovich,N.E.,Sugai,C.,Plath,L.C.,Asgaard,G.,...Botros,N.(2004).Television:Thecriticalview(5thed.).Singapore:PrenticeHall.
Note:Capitalizeonlythefirstwordofthetitleandofthesubtitle,andanypropernouns.
Bookchapter-inaneditedbookwhichcontainsacollectionofchapterswrittenbydifferentauthorsandcollatedbyeditor(s)
AuthorofPart,A.A.,&AuthorofPart,B.B.(Year).Titleofchapter.InA.A. Editor&B.B. Editor(Eds.),Titleofbook:Subtitleofbook (pp.xxx-xxx).Location:Publisher.
Amtenbrink,F.(2011).Securingfinancialindependenceinthelegalbasisofacentralbank.InS.Milton&P.J.N.Sinclair(Eds.),Thecapitalneedsofcentralbanks(pp.83-95).NewYork,NY:Routledge.
Note:Italicizethebooktitle,butnotthechapter/parttitle.
Journalarticle
ArticleAuthor,A.A.,&ArticleAuthor,B.B.(Year).Titleofarticle:Subtitleofarticle.TitleofJournal,volumenumber(issuenumberifnecessary),pp-pp.doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Sperry,R.W.(1986).Science,values,andsurvival.JournalofHumanisticPsychology,26(2),8-24.doi:10.1177/0022167886262002
Stanev,E.V.&Kandilarov,R.(2012).SedimentdynamicsintheBlackSea:Numericalmodellingandremotesensingobservations.OceanDynamics,62,533-53.
Note:Capitalizeallthemajorwordsinthejournaltitle.Italicizethejournaltitleandvolumenumber.Issuenumberisnotgivenifpagenumbersarecontinuousthroughoutanannualvolume(i.e.issuenumberisgivenonlywheneachnewissuestartsonpage1).Forexample,the second articleabove is invol. 62,issue4, butissue4doesnotstartonpage1.Theissuenumberisthereforenotgiveninthecitation.
Onlinejournalarticle
ArticleAuthor,A.A.,&Article Author,B.B.(Year).Titleofarticle:Subtitleofarticle.TitleofJournal,volumenumber(issuenumberifnecessary),pp-pp.doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx
Sperry,R.W.(1986).Science,values,andsurvival.JournalofHumanisticPsychology,26(2),8-24.doi:10.1177/0022167886262002
Ogletree,S.M.(2012).Patsonthebackorpointingthefinger:Judgmentsofpraiseandblame.E-JournalofAppliedPsychology,8(1),18-24.Retrievedfromhttp://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.pho/ejap
Newspaperarticle
ArticleAuthor,A.A.(Year,Monthdate).Titleofarticle.TitleofNewspaper, pp-pp.
Schwartz,J.(1993,September30). Obesityaffectseconomics,socialstatus.TheWashingtonPost,pp.A1,A4.
Harrabin,R.(2003,July2).Dyslexicsturntocolouredspecs.BBCNews.Retrievedfromhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/
Doctoraldissertationormaster'sthesisavailablefromadatabaseservice
Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofdissertationorthesis(Doctoraldissertationormaster'sthesis).RetrievedfromNameofdatabase.(AccessionorOrderNo.)
Francis,J.(2001).Essaysonglobalization,unemployment,andeconomicgeography(Doctoraldissertation).AvailablefromProQuestDissertationsandThesesA&I.(UMINo.3009107)
Unpublisheddissertationorthesis
Author,A.A.(Year).Titleofdissertationorthesis(Unpublisheddoctoraldissertationormaster'sthesis).NameofInstitution,Location.
Chow,E.P.(2010).Decadeofchallenge:YouthelitesportsdevelopmentinHongKong(Unpublishedmaster’sthesis).CityUniversityofHongKong,HongKong.
Internetdocumentorwebsite
Author,A.A.(Year).Title:Subtitle. RetrievedfromSourceorsupplierinformation: http://www.xxxx
Antipolis,S.(2008).EssentialstepachievedinthecreationoftheEuropeanAirTrafficManagementNetwork.RetrievedfromEuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitutewebsite:http://www.etsi.org/file259803.htm
CityUniversityofHongKong.(2012).Rulesonacademichonesty:EffectivefromsemesterA2012/13.Retrievedfromhttp://www.cityu.edu.hk/provost/academic_honesty/rules_on_academic_honesty.htm
Healthyeatingforahealthyweight.(n.d.).RetrievedfromU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionwebsite: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/index.html
Note:Ifthereisnoauthor,titlemovestothefirstposition.Whennodateisavailable, "n.d."replacesthedate.
Onlinevideofile
Author,A.A.(Year,MonthDay).Titleofvideo[Videofile].Retrievedfromhttp://www.xxxx
BirdTricks.(2008,April27).Tipsfortrainingaparrottotalk[Videofile].Retrievedfromhttp://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=89dZNPPYOdk
Onlineforum,blog,newsgroup
Author,A.A.(Year,MonthDay).Titleofpost [Descriptionofform].Retrievedfromhttp://www.xxxx
Rampersad,T.(2005,June8).Re:Traditionalknowledgeandtraditionalculturalexpressions[Onlineforumcomment].Retrievedfromhttp://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural#comments
***Pleasenotethattheguidelinesforcitingarticlesretrievedfromdatabasescan oftencallfortheauthorto usehisorherownjudgementonwhetherornottoprovideaURLordatabasename. Mostoften,aDOIwillbeprovided. FormoredetailedinformationaboutcitingdatabasesinyourListofReferences,consultthePublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,p.198-199.
CitingChinesesourcesinChinesepapers-Chinesecitationstyles
ChinesecitationstylesaregenerallydifferentfromEnglishonesandtherearenostandardizedstyles.Checkwithyourinstructorfortheacceptablestyleforyourassignments.Belowaresomeguidesforreference:
研究論文格式舉要(香港大學中文學院)
中文文稿格式(香港教育研究所)
Citingnon-EnglishsourcesinEnglishpapers
Acommonpracticeistogivetheoriginaltitle inthe referenceandgivetheEnglishtranslationinbrackets.
Ifthesourcewaswritteninanon-Latinscript,suchasChinese,JapaneseorKorean,transliteratethetitleintoEnglishalphabet.BelowaretwoexamplescitedinAPAstyle:
AbookinFrench:
Webb,D.&Andre,C.(2008).Statistiqueseconomiquesacourtterme[Short-termeconomicstatistics].Paris,France:PressesUniversitairesdeFrance.
AjournalarticleinChinese:
Liu,W.(2012). GuanyuLibQual+tushuguanfuwuzhiliangpingjiayushizhengyanjiu[AnempiricalanalysisoflibraryservicequalityevaluationbasedontheLibQual+].GaoxiaoTushuguanGongzuo, 20(5),32-36.
Citingelectronicsourceswithnopagenumbers
Ifyouarecitinganelectronicsourcewhichdoesnothaveanypagenumbers,accordingtotheAPAPublicationManual,"ifparagraphnumbersarevisible,usetheminplaceofpagenumbers. Usetheabbreviationpara...ifneitherparagraphnorpagenumbersarevisible.citetheheadingandthenumberoftheparagraphfollowingittodirectthereadertothelocationofthequotedmaterial"(p.172). Formoredetails,consultthePublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,6thed.(BF76.7.P83),pgs.171-172. Youmayalsoseethefollowing:
In-TextCitations:Author/AuthorsfromPurdueOWL(scrolltothebottomofthepage).
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