Tables, figures & images - APA 6th Referencing Style Guide

Any image or illustration in APA is treated as either a Table or a Figure. Tables are numerical values or text displayed in rows and columns ... SkiptoMainContent Itlookslikeyou'reusingInternetExplorer11orolder.ThiswebsiteworksbestwithmodernbrowserssuchasthelatestversionsofChrome,Firefox,Safari,andEdge.Ifyoucontinuewiththisbrowser,youmayseeunexpectedresults. AUTLibraryLibraryGuidesAPA6thReferencingStyleGuideTables,figures&images SearchthisGuide Search APA6thReferencingStyleGuide ThisguideintroducestheAPAreferencingstylewithexamplesofcitationstylesfordifferenttypesofresources. ReferencingandAPAstyleAPAreferencingstyleIn-textcitationReferencelistArticlesBooksWebsitesTV,film&videoTables,figures&imagesTables&Figures(Images)TablesFiguresReferencingartworksCitingimagesReportsConferencesThesesPersonalcommunicationsLecturenotesSocialmediaComputersoftware&mobileapplicationsLegislation&casesStandards&patentsSpecifichealthexamplesExhibitioncatalogue Tables&Figures(Images) TheexamplesgivenherearebasedontheguidelinesavailableintheAPAmanualforcitingTables&Figures. Any imageorillustration inAPAistreatedaseithera Table ora Figure.  Tables arenumericalvaluesortextdisplayedinrowsandcolumns. AFigure isanytypeofillustration(chart,graph,photograph,drawingmaps...)otherthanatable. Itisimportanttouseappropriatecitationswhenincludingafigureoratablefromanothersourceinyourwork.TherearedifferentrulesforcitingTablesandFigures. MoreinformationonFigures&Tables. Sections5.01-5.30inthe PublicationmanualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,6thedition(pp 125–167) TheAPAStyleblog-Tables&Figures   Reproducingtablesandfigures(images)intheses/dissertations/exegeses Yourthesis/dissertation/exegesiswillbemadeavailableonlineonTuwheraOpenTheses.If youhavereproducedanycopyrightmaterial,suchastables,figuresandimagesofartworks, inyourthesis,you shouldgetpermissionfromcopyrightowners.Somecopyrightowners(authors,publishers)allowyoutoreproduceimagesforeducationalusewithoutobtainingpermissionprovidedthatfullcreditisgiventothecopyrightowner.Checkthetermsonwebsites/books/journals carefully,contactthecopyrightowner ifyouareuncertaintheterms. Whenpermissionhasbeengranted,youshouldinclude"Reprintedwithpermission"intheNotesorCaptionsunderthereproducedtables,figuresandimages. Forexample: Note. Reprintedfrom EmploymentrelationsinNewZealand (p98),byE.Rasmussen, 2009,Auckland,NewZealand.Pearson.Copyright(2009)byErlingRasmussen.Reprintedwithpermission.   Tables GeneralGuidelines Book Article LibraryDatabases Website Multiplesources Tablesusuallyshownumericalvalueortextualinformationandare almostalwayscharacterizedbyarow-columnstructure.Anytypeofillustrationotherthanatableisreferredtoasa figure. Number Numbertables sequentially(i.e.ifyouhavemorethanonetableinyourwriting)e.g.Table1,Table 2..... Eachtablemustbereferredtointhetext,usingacapitalT, forexample:...asshowninTable1 Title Place directly abovethetableitselfandbelowthetablenumber. Briefbutclearandexplanatory,initalicsandwithmajorwordscapitalizedwith nofullstop. Note  Place directlybelowthetable,theword"Note"initalicswithafullstop, forexample: Note. Explainabbreviations,symbolsetc Acknowledgethesourceofthetable Includeacopyrightstatementattheendofthenote.     ​  For specific and probability note (section 5.16,p 138). Ruling(Lines) Limittheuseoflinestothosethatarenecessary Appropriatelypositionedwhitespacecanbeaneffectivesubstitute. ​Spacing Tables maybesubmittedeithersingleordoublespaced.Considerreadability (section5.17,p141).   Example: Table1 Salesof TakeHome IceCreaminNewZealand Note.MAT=movingannualtotal, FromACNielsenMarketInformationDigestNewZealand .Copyright2010byTheNielsenCompany.  Tablereproducedinyourtext: Note format-noteunderatable Note.Adapted/ReprintedfromTitleofBook(p.XX),by A.B.Author,Year,PlaceofPublication:Publisher.Copyright(year)bytitleofPublisher. Example: Note.ReprintedfromEmploymentrelationsinNewZealand(p98),byE.Rasmussen, 2009,Auckland,NewZealand.Pearson.Copyright(2009)byErlingRasmussen.  In-textcitation: ...asshowninTable1,nocompensation... Referencelistentry: Usethe referencestyleforbooks.    Tablereferredtoandnotreproducedintext: Ifyousimplyrefertoatable,formatthein-textcitationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway. In-textcitation: ....fiftyeightpercentagereceivedcompensation(Rasmussen,2009). Referencelistentry: Rasmussen,E.(2009).EmploymentrelationsinNewZealand. Auckland,NewZealand:Pearson. Tablereproduced inthetext: Noteformat-noteunderatable Note. Adapted/Retrieved/Reprintedfrom"Titleof Article"byAuthorFirstInitial.SecondInitial.Surname.Year,JournalTitle,Volume(issue),page(s).CopyrightyearbyNameofCopyrightHolder.       In-textcitation: ...asshowninTable1 Referencelistentry: Usethe referencestyleforarticles.    Tablereferredtobutnot reproducedorincludedinthetext: Ifyousimplyrefertoatable,formatthein-textcitationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway. In-textcitation: ....themultivariatelongitudinalmodels(Bainter&Howard,2016) Referencelistentry: Bainter,S.A.,Howard,A.L(2016).Comparingwithin-personeffectsfrommultivariatelongitudinalmodels.DevelopmentalPsychology.52(12)1955–1968.doi.10.1037/dev0000215  Tablereproduced inyourtext: NoteFormat:note belowa table Note. Generalnotes,includingdefinitionsofabbreviations.Retrievedfrom(NameofDatabase).Copyright(year)byXXX. Example: Table1 PercentageofMenandWomen WhoHaveBoughtFruitandVegetableProductsintheLastFourWeeks Note. wc= weightedcount,showninthousands;v%=verticalpercentage,showingwhich%ofthecolumngroupalsobelongstotherowgroup;h%=horizontalpercentageshowingwhichpercentageoftherowgroupalsobelongstothecolumngroup.RetrievedfromRoyMorganSingleSourceNewZealanddatabase.Copyright2015 byRoyMorganNewZealandLtd.  In-textcitation: ....asshowninTable2 Referencelistentry: RoyMorganNewZealand.(2015).Percentageofmenandwomenwhohaveboughtfruitandvegetableproductsinthelastfourweeks,April-December,2015[Table].RetrievedfromRoyMorganSingleSourceNewZealanddatabase.    Tablereferredtobutnotreproducedinthetext: In-textcitation: ...fewermenthanwomenboughtvegetables(RoyMorgan,NewZealand,2010) Reference Listentry: RoyMorganNewZealand.(2010).Percentageofmenandwomenwhohaveboughtfruit/vegetablesinthelastsevendays,August2009-July[Table].RetrievedfromRoyMorganSingleSourceNewZealanddatabase. Tablereproduced inyourtext: Noteformat-note belowa table Note.Includethetitleofthedocumentifthetabletitledoesnotprovideenoughinformation.Adapted/Retrieved/ReprintedfromSourcewebsite.Copyright(Year)byNameofcopyrightHolder.  Example: Table1 PercentageofNewZealandPopulationWhoHaveNeverWorkedbyAgeGroup. Byagegroup June2016quarter  Agegroup(years)                            Never-workedgroup  (%oftotalagegroup)  15–19  48.5  20–24  8.4  25–29  3.4  30–34  1.8  35–39  1.5 Note.Adaptedfrom http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income-and-work/employment_and_unemployment/people-never-worked.aspx.Copyright(2016)byStatisticsNewZealand.  In-textcitation: ...asshowninTable1,youngpeoplemakeupmostofthenever-workedgroup... Referencelistentry: Usethe referencestyleforwebsites.    Tablereferredtobutnotreproducedinthetext Ifyourefertoatablebutdon’tprovideacopyofitinyourassessment, simplygiveanin-textcitationintheusualway In-textcitation: ...twentyfouryearolds whoneverworked(StatisticsNewZealand,2016). ​Referencelistentry: StatisticsNewZealand(2016).PercentageofNewZealandpopulationwhohaveneverworked,June2016quarter[Table].Retrievedfromhttp://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income-and-work/employment_and_unemployment/people-never-worked.aspx Table -compiledfromavarietyofsources: Multisourcedata Ifyoucreateyourowntablebycompilingdatafrommultiplesources,youwillstillneedtocitewhere yougotyourinformationfrom. Youdonotneedtogivethefullbibliographiccitationinthenote,anauthoranddateissufficient.  Noteformat-noteunder table: Note. DataforABCfromAuthor(date),from XYZfromAuthor(date),andMNOfromAuthor(date). In-textcitation:  AsshowninTable3....... Referencelistentry: Note:allthesourcesyouusedshouldhaveafullbibliographicentryinyourReferenceListeventhoughtheinformationinthe Notefieldusesalotofthesameinformation.   Multiple kindsofdata: Ifyouhavemultiplekindsofdata(populationfigures,employmentinformation...etc.)inonetableyouwoulddescribeeachsetofdata) Noteformat-noteunderTable: Note.PopulationfiguresforABCfromAuthor(date),andforXYZfromAuthor(date).DatafortotalunemployedforABCfromAuthor(date)andfor XYZfromAuthor(date). Referencelistentry: Note:allthesourcesyouusedshouldhaveafullbibliographyentryinyourreferencelisteventhoughtheinformationintheNoteusesalotofthesameinformation.  Formoreinformationsee: APAStyleblogforfigures&tables Figures GeneralGuidelines Book Article LibraryDatabase Website Afiguremaybeachart,agraph,aphotograph,adrawing,oranyotherillustrationornontextualdepiction.Anytypeofillustrationotherthanatableisreferredtoasafigure. Caption: Whenyouuseafigurethathasbeenadaptedorcopieddirectlyfromanothersource,youneedtoreferencethatoriginalsource.Thisreferenceappearsasacaptionunderneaththefigure(image): don'tincludeatitleontop-thecaptionisyourtitle conciseexplanationofthefigure;i.e.abriefbutdescriptivephrase includecopyrightinformation formatyourcaption-useitalicsandacapitalFforFigureandsequentialnumbering(ifyouhavemorethanoneFigure) Legend(ifneeded): Alegendexplainsthesymbolsusedinthefigure.Itshouldhavethesamekindandproportionofletteringthatappearintherestofthefigure. capitalizemajorwordsinthelegend placethelegendwithinthefigure(itmayalreadybethereifyouhavecopiedthegraphfromelsewhere) Generalrules: NumberallfigureswithArabicnumeralsintheorderinwhichtheyarefirstmentionedintext,regardlessofwhetheramoredetaileddiscussionofthefigureoccurslaterinthepaper.Forexample,Figure1...Figure2...etc. Refertothefigureinyourwriting-noitalics,butwithcapitalF,forexample"InFigure1..." Copyrightpermissionforusingfiguresandimagesintheses/dissertations/exegeses-obtainwrittencopyrightpermissionfromthecopyrightholderifyoureproducedoradaptedafigurefromacopyrightedsource.Ifyouareadaptingmaterialfrommultiplesources,andintegratingthemintoasinglefigure,youmightneedtoincludemultiplepermissionstatements,oneforeachsource. Figurereproducedinyourtext: CaptionFormat-captionunderafigure FigureX.Descriptivephrasethatservesastitleanddescription.Reprinted[oradapted]from BookTitle (pagenumber),byAuthorFirstInitial.SecondInitial.Surname,Year,PlaceofPublication:Publisher.Copyright[Year]bytheNameofCopyrightHolder. Example: Figure1.FinSec'scommunicationnetworks.ReprintedfromEmploymentRelationsinNewZealand(2nded.,p.355),byE.Rasmussen,2009,Auckland,N.Z:Pearson.Copyright2009byErlingRasmussen. In-textcitation: ThisisclearlyindicatedinFigure1,... Referencelistentry: Rasmussen,E.J.(2009).EmploymentrelationsinNewZealand(2nded.).Auckland,NZ:Pearson.   Figurereferredtoinyourtext: Ifyousimplyrefertoafigure,formattheintext-citationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway. In-textcitation: ...interpretationsofthepainting“MonaLisa”(Gombrich1995,p.203). Referencelistentry: Gombrich,E.H.(1995).Thestoryofart(16thed.).London,England:Phaidon. Figurereproducedinyourtext: CaptionFormat-captionunderafigure FigureX.Descriptivephrasethatservesastitleanddescription.Reprinted[oradapted]from“TitleofArticle,”byAuthorFirstInitial.SecondInitial.Surname,Year,JournalTitle,Volume(issue),pagenumber.Copyright[Year]bytheNameofCopyrightHolder. Example:                     Figure1.Factorsinfluencingtheformationoftourists'needs.Reprintedfrom"FactorsthatObstructTourismDevelopmentinBangladesh",byN.JahanandS.Rahman,2016,CLEARInternationalJournalofResearchinCommerce&Management,7(9),p.53.Copyright2016byChinniahLakshmiammalEducationalAcademy&Research(CLEAR)Foundation. In-textcitation: AsshowninFigure1,therearefivegroupsoffactorsthatinfluence... Referencelistentry: Jahan,N.,&Rahman,S.(2016).FactorsthatobstructtourismdevelopmentinBangladesh.CLEARInternationalJournalofResearchinCommerce&Management,7(9),48–55.   Figurereferredtoinyourtext: Ifyousimplyrefertoafigureanddonotincludeitinyourtext,formattheintextcitationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway. In-textcitation: ...intheinstallation"TalkingabouttheWeather"...(Randerson,2007,p.446). Referencelistentry: Randerson,J.(2007).Betweenreasonandsensation:Antipodeanartistsandclimatechange.Leonardo, 40(5),442–448.https://doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.5.442 Figurereproducedinyourtext: CaptionFormat-captionundera figure FigureX.Descriptivephrasethatservesastitleanddescription.RetrievedfromTitleofthedatabase.Copyright[year]bytheNameofCopyrightHolder. Examples: FromACNielsenMarketInformaitonDigestdatabase: Figure1.ThemarketlocationanddollarsalesofmeatpiesinNewZealand.SMAPisthesegmentofmarketfortheAucklandProvince,SMLNIfortheLowerNorthIsland,SMSIfortheSouthIsland;MAPisthemovingannualtotal.RetrievedfromNielsenMarketInformationDigestNewZealanddatabase.Copyright2011byTheNielsenCompany.   FromPassportGlobalMarketInformationDigestdatabase: Figure2. Tradevolumeofreadytodrinkhighstrengthpremixes soldinNewZealand,measuredin000litres.RetrievedfromPassportdatabase.Copyright2010byEuromonitorInternational. In-textcitation: AsFigure1shows,salesofmeatpies... AsshowninFigure2,... Referencelistentry: EuromonitorInternational.(2010).TradevolumeofreadytodrinkhighstrengthpremixesinNewZealand,measuredin000liters[Graph].RetrievedfromPassportdatabase. TheNielsenCompany.(2011).ThemarketlocationanddollarsalesofmeatpiesinNewZealand,March2009–March2011[Graph].RetrievedfromNielsenMarketInformationDigestNewZealanddatabase.   Figurereferredinyourtext: Ifyourefertoafigure, formatthein-textcitationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway: In-textcitation: ...tradevolume...(EuromonitorInternational,2010). Thepainting...(Pollock,1942). Referencelistentry: Passportgraph(was GMID) Euromonitor International.(2010). TradevolumeofreadytodrinkhighstrengthpremixesinNewZealand,measuredin000 litres [Graph].RetrievedfromPassportdatabase. ImagefromaLibrarydatabase Pollock,J.(1942).Maleandfemale[Painting].RetrievedfromARTstordatabase. Figurereproducedinyourtext: Caption Format-captionunderafigure FigureX.Descriptivephrasethatservesastitleanddescription.FromTitleofWebsite. RetrievedfromURL.Copyright[year]bytheNameofCopyrightHolder. Examples: Figure1.Vermeer,J.(c.1665).Girlwithapearlearring.FromMauritshuisRoyalPictureGallery,TheHague.Retrievedfromhttp://www.mauritshuis.nl/index.aspx?Chapterid=2295.Reprintedwithpermission. Figure2.America'sArmyscreendumpshowingsoldiersandwatchtower.FromAmerica'sArmy(Version3).Retrievedfromhttp://www.americasarmy.com.Copyright2010byAmerica’sArmy. In-textcitation: AsFigure1shows,... AsshowninFigure2,... Referencelistentry: America'sArmyscreendumpshowingsoldiersandwatchtower[Photograph].(n.d.).RetrievedJune2,2010,fromhttp://www.americasarmy.com. Vermeer,J.(c.1665).Girlwithapearlearring[Painting]. RetrievedMay10,2010,fromhttp://www.mauritshuis.nl/index.aspx?Chapterid=2295.   Figurereferredinyourtext: Ifyourefertoafigure,formatthein-textcitationandthereferencelistentryintheusualway. In-textcitation: ...facialexpressionreminiscentofMunch’sTheScream. Referencelistentry: Noteveryreferencetoanartworkneedsareferencelistentry,forexample, ifyourefertoafamouspainting,asabove,itwouldnotneedareference. Imageonline McCahon,C.(1954).Manukau[Painting].RetrievedMay1,2008,fromhttp://www.mccahonhouse.org.nz/fifties/5360manukau1954.asp?artwork=19 Photographonline Hamilton,D.(1975).SouthofFrancefantasy[Photograph].RetrievedMay20,2010,fromhttp://www.rennart.co.uk/posters.html Imageonline-noauthor Radiatingripples[Photograph].(2006).RetrievedNovember10,2008,fromhttp://www.bergoiata.org/fe/divers28/10.htm Imageonline-noauthor,titleordate [Untitledphotographofagiraffe].(n.d.).RetrievedApril27,2009,fromhttp://www.birminghamzoo.com/animals/ Notes: manyimagesfoundonlinehavefewdetails,butalwayscheckforextrainformationby: clickingonorhoveringyourmouseovertheimage lookingatthebottomoftheimage lookingattheURL ifthereisnotitle,createashortdescriptiveoneyourselfandputitinsquarebracketse.g. [...]   Referencingartworks Artwork(viewedinoriginallocation) Referenceformat:  Artist,Initial.(Year/soffabrication).Titleofthework[Medium].Citywherelocated,Country/State:Institutionwherelocated. Referencelistentries: Raverat,G.(2008).Travellers[Woodcut].ChapelHill,NC:AcklandArtMuseum. Giotto.[ca.1310ACE].ScenesfromtheNewTestament:FlightintoEgypt[Fresco].Assisi,Italy:SacroconventodiS.Francesco. Modigliani,A.(1919).Elvirarestingatatable[Painting].St.Louis,MO:SaintLouisArtMuseum.   Artwork(imageretrievedfromanonlinesource) Referenceformat:  Artist,Initial.(Year/soffabrication).Titleofthework[Medium].RetrievedfromURL Referencelistentries: dellaFrancesca,P.(1451).SaintJeromeveneratedbyGirolamoAmadi[Painting].Retrievedfromhttps://www.wikiart.org/en/piero-della-francesca/st-jerome-and-a-donor-1451 Marc,F.(1912).Thereddeer[Painting].Retrievedfromhttp://www.artstor.org/ DuMaurier,G.[ca.1881].GeorgeDuMaurier[Drawing].Retrievedfromhttp://www.npg.org.uk/collections Hipkins,G.(2006).Theshaman(blue)[Photograph].Retrievedfromhttp://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/778464 Citingimages Whenusingimagesinyourassignmentsorthesis/dissertation,pleasecheckcopyright/usagerightsinformationforeachitem.Selectthoseimagesinpublicdomain(creativematerialsthatarenotprotectedbycopyrightlaws),e.g.itemswithaCC0license.CheckourFindImages&MultimediaguideforfindingimagesfromtheimagedatabasestheLibrarysubscribestoandsomeonlineresources. Postgraduatetheses,dissertationsandresearch/PracticeprojectsonTuwhera-oftenyouwillneedtogetpermissionfromcopyrightownersforreproducingtheirimagesinyouronlinethesisordissertationorResearch/practiceproject.  FindcitationexamplesinourbriefguideCitingImagesinAPA6thStyle.  <>