Reference examples - APA Style

Provides examples of references for periodicals; books and reference works; edited book chapters and entries in reference works; reports and gray literature ... skiptomaincontent ReferenceExamples Onthispage: TextualWorks DataSets AudiovisualMedia OnlineMedia Morethan100referenceexamplesandtheircorrespondingin-textcitationsarepresentedintheseventheditionPublicationManual.Examplesofthemostcommonworksthatwritersciteareprovidedonthispage;additionalexamplesareavailableinthePublicationManual. Tofindthereferenceexampleyouneed,firstselectacategory(e.g.,periodicals)andthenchoosetheappropriatetypeofwork(e.g.,journalarticle)andfollowtherelevantexample. Whenselectingacategory,usethewebpagesandwebsitescategoryonlywhenaworkdoesnotfitbetterwithinanothercategory.Forexample,areportfromagovernmentwebsitewouldusethereportscategory,whereasapageonagovernmentwebsitethatisnotareportorotherworkwouldusethewebpagesandwebsitescategory. Alsonotethatprintandelectronicreferencesarelargelythesame.Forexample,tocitebothprintbooksandebooks,usethebooksandreferenceworkscategoryandthenchoosetheappropriatetypeofwork(i.e.,book)andfollowtherelevantexample(e.g.,wholeauthoredbook). ReferenceexamplesarecoveredinChapter10oftheAPAPublicationManual,SeventhEdition Relatedhandouts CommonReferenceExamplesGuide(PDF,267KB) ReferenceQuickGuide(PDF,225KB) TextualWorks TextualworksarecoveredinSections10.1–10.8ofthePublicationManual.Themostcommoncategoriesandexamplesarepresentedhere.Forthereviewsofotherworkscategory,seeSection10.7. Periodicals JournalArticleReferences MagazineArticleReferences NewspaperArticleReferences BlogPostandBlogCommentReferences UpToDateArticleReferences BooksandReferenceWorks Book/EbookReferences DiagnosticManualReferences Children’sBookorOtherIllustratedBookReferences ClassroomCoursePackMaterialReferences ReligiousWorkReferences EditedBookChaptersandEntriesinReferenceWorks ChapterinanEditedBook/EbookReferences DictionaryEntryReferences WikipediaEntryReferences ReportsandGrayLiterature ReportbyaGovernmentAgencyReferences ReportwithIndividualAuthorsReferences BrochureReferences EthicsCodeReferences FactSheetReferences ISOStandardReferences PressReleaseReferences WhitePaperReferences ConferencePresentationsandProceedings ConferencePresentationReferences ConferenceProceedingReferences DissertationsandTheses PublishedDissertationorThesisReferences UnpublishedDissertationorThesisReferences UnpublishedandInformallyPublishedWorks ERICDatabaseReferences PreprintArticleReferences DataSets DatasetsarecoveredinSection10.9ofthePublicationManual.Forthesoftwareandtestscategories,seeSections10.10and10.11. DataSets DataSetReferences ToolboxReferences AudiovisualMedia AudiovisualmediaarecoveredinSections10.12–10.14ofthePublicationManual.Themostcommonexamplesarepresentedtogetherhere.Inthemanual,theseexamplesandmoreareseparatedintocategoriesforaudiovisual,audio,andvisualmedia. AudiovisualMedia ArtworkReferences ClipArtorStockImageReferences FilmandTelevisionReferences MusicalScoreReferences OnlineCourseorMOOCReferences PodcastReferences PowerPointSlideorLectureNoteReferences RadioBroadcastReferences TEDTalkReferences TranscriptofanAudiovisualWorkReferences YouTubeVideoReferences OnlineMedia OnlinemediaarecoveredinSections10.15and10.16ofthePublicationManual.Pleasenotethatblogpostsarepartoftheperiodicalscategory. SocialMedia FacebookReferences InstagramReferences LinkedInReferences OnlineForum(e.g.,Reddit)References TikTokReferences TwitterReferences WebpagesandWebsites WebpageonaWebsiteReferences ClinicalPracticeReferences OpenEducationalResourceReferences WholeWebsiteReferences Lastupdated:December2021Datecreated:February2020