APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors & Missing Info

APA in-text citations consist of the author's last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page ... Havealanguageexpertimproveyourwriting Proofreading&Editing Checkyourpaperforplagiarismin10minutes Dothecheck GenerateyourAPAcitationsforfree! APACitationGenerator Home KnowledgeBase APAStyle7thedition Beginner’sguidetoAPAin-textcitation APA7thedition7theditionchangesCitationQuickguideDirectquotesIn-textcitationReferenceentryPaperformatQuickguideRunningheadTitlepageAbstractTableofcontentsHeadingsTablesandfiguresReferencepageAppendicesLanguageguidelinesReportingstandardsMethodsResultsNumbersandstatisticsCitationexamplesOverviewBookJournalarticleWebsiteWebsiteMissinginformationNewspaperarticleMagazinearticleMovieordocumentaryYouTubevideoImageDictionaryentryEncyclopediaentryWikipediaentryPersonalcommunicationTableorfigureInterviewPowerPointslidesConferencepaperTweetPatentReportGovernmentdocumentPDFDissertationorthesisSurveyTVshowSpeechPressreleaseTEDTalkPodcastBibleBrochureorpamphletCourtcaseLaw Interestingtopics Researchpaper Researchbias Collegeessay APAStyle6thedition Applyingtograduateschool Statistics ChicagoStyle Languagerules Methodology MLAStyle Academicwriting Startingtheresearchprocess Dissertation Essay Tips APAStyle7thedition APAcitationexamples Citingsources Plagiarism Havealanguageexpertimproveyourwriting Proofreading&Editing Checkyourpaperforplagiarismin10minutes Dothecheck GenerateyourAPAcitationsforfree! APACitationGenerator APAIn-TextCitations(7thEd.)|MultipleAuthors&MissingInfo Publishedon November4,2020 by RaimoStreefkerk. Revisedon December15,2021. Thisarticlereflectsthe APA7thedition guidelines.ClickhereforAPA6theditionguidelines. In-textcitationsbrieflyidentifythesourceofinformationinthebodytext.Theycorrespondtoafullreferenceentryattheendofyourpaper. APAin-textcitationsconsistoftheauthor’slastnameandpublicationyear.Whencitingaspecificpartofasource,alsoincludeapagenumberorrange,forexample(Parker,2020,p.67)or(Johnson,2017,pp.39–41). Webpage Book Journalarticle Newspaperarticle Video More Magazinearticle Wikipediaentry Conferencepaper Conferenceproceeding Pressrelease Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Cite TheScribbrCitationGeneratorwillautomaticallycreateaflawlessAPAcitation orcitemanually Worriedaboutin-textcitationerrors? RunaquickchecktoseehowmanyAPAcitationerrorsyourpapercontainsbeforesubmittingyourwork. Checkedonover100APAguidelines Resultwithinoneminute APAStyle6th&7thedition Tryforfree TableofcontentsWorriedaboutin-textcitationerrors?APAin-textcitationsexplainedin4minutesParentheticalvs.narrativecitationsAPAin-textcitationswithmultipleauthorsNoauthor,dateorpagenumberMultiplesourcesinoneparenthesisAvoidingambiguityinAPAin-textcitationsCitingindirectsources(“ascitedin”)CitingpersonalcommunicationGeneralmentionsofwebsitesandsoftwareExampleparagraphwithin-textcitationsFrequentlyAskedQuestions APAin-textcitationsexplainedin4minutes Parentheticalvs.narrativecitations Thein-textcitationcanbeplacedinparenthesesornaturallyintegratedintoasentence. Parenthetical:Thereisacorrelationbetweensocialmediausageandanxietysymptomsinteenagers(Parker,2019). Narrative:Parker(2019)foundacorrelationbetweensocialmediausageandanxietysymptomsinteenagers. Thepublicationyearappearsdirectlyaftertheauthor’snamewhenusingthenarrativeformat.Theparentheticalcitationcanbeplacedwithinorattheendofasentence,justbeforetheperiod.Checkoutafullexampleparagraphwithin-textcitations. APAin-textcitationswithmultipleauthors Ifaworkhastwoauthors,separatetheirnameswithanampersand(&)inaparentheticalcitationor“and”inanarrativecitation.Iftherearethreeormoreauthors,onlyincludethefirstauthor’slastnamefollowedby“etal.”,meaning“andothers”. Groupauthorsknownbytheirabbreviations(e.g.,CDC)arewritteninfullthefirsttimeandareabbreviatedinsubsequentcitations. MultipleauthorsinAPAin-textcitations Authortype Parenthetical Narrative Oneauthor (Harris,2020) Harris(2020) Twoauthors (Harris&Cook,2020) HarrisandCook(2020) Threeormoreauthors (Harrisetal.,2020) Harrisetal.(2020) Groupauthors (Scribbr,2020) Scribbr(2020) Abbreviatedgroupauthor Firstcitation Subsequentcitations (CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention[CDC],2020) (CDC,2020) CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC,2020) CDC(2020) Noauthor,dateorpagenumber MissinginformationinAPAin-textcitations Unknownelement Solution In-textcitation Author Usethesourcetitle. (SourceTitle,2020) Date Write“n.d.”for“nodate”. (Harris,n.d.) Pagenumber Useanalternativelocatoror omitthepagenumber. (Harris,2020,03:46)or (Harris,2020) Noauthor Iftheauthorofasourceisunknown,trytodetermineifthereisanorganizationorgovernmentresponsibleforcreatingthecontent.Ifso,includeitsnameinthein-textcitation(andreferenceentry). Thecostsofsolarenergyhavedecreasedby34%inthepastthreeyears(Tesla,2020). Alternatively,usethesourcetitleinplaceoftheauthor.Italicizethetitleifit’sitalicizedinthereferenceentry(exceptforcourtcases,whichareitalicizedinthein-textcitationbutnotthereferenceentry).Otherwise,encloseitindoublequotationmarks. Applytitlecasecapitalization,andshortenlongtitles.Thefirstwordofthetitleshouldalwaysbeincludedsoreaderscaneasilylocatethecorrespondingreferenceentry. (“U.S.FloodRisk,”2015) (Thinking,FastandSlow,2017) Nopublicationdate Ifthepublicationdateisunknown,write“n.d.”(nodate)inthein-textcitation. (Johnson,n.d.). Nopagenumber(alternativelocators) PagenumbersareonlyrequiredwithdirectquotesinAPA.Ifyouarequotingfromaworkthatdoesnothavepagenumbers(e.g.,webpagesorYouTubevideos),youcanuseanalternativelocator,suchas: (Liu,2020,03:26) (Johnson,2019,Chapter3) (McCombes,2016,para.4) (Davis,2016,Slide15) (Flores,2020,Table5) (Streefkerk,2020,“Nopagenumber”section) NotethatBiblecitationsalwaysusechapterandversenumbers,evenwhenpagenumbersareavailable: (EnglishStandardVersionBible,2001,Josh.2:7) Multiplesourcesinoneparenthesis Ifastatementissupportedbymultiplesources,thein-textcitationscanbecombinedinoneparenthesis.Orderthesourcesalphabetically,andseparatethemwithasemicolon. Whencitingmultipleworksfromthesameauthor,listtheyearsofpublicationseparatedbyacomma. Severalstudieshavereplicatedtheseresults(Brown,2009;Porter,2004;Smith,2015,2017). AvoidingambiguityinAPAin-textcitations Whenin-textcitationsareambiguousbecausetheycorrespondtomultiplereferenceentries,applythesolutionsoutlinedinthetablebelow. AmbiguityinAPAin-textcitations Situation Solution In-textcitation Multipleworksbythesameauthorinthesameyear. Addalowercaseletteraftertheyear. (Cooper,2018a) (Cooper,2018b) Differentauthorswiththesamelastname. Includetheauthors’initials. (H.Taylor,2019) (B.J.Taylor,2016) Multipleworkswith3+authorsthatshortentothesameform(i.e.,samefirstauthor(s)anddate). Includeasmanynamesasneededtodistinguishthecitations. (Cooper,Lee,etal.,2015) (Cooper,Ross,etal.,2015) Citingindirectsources(“ascitedin”) Ifyouwanttorefertoasourcethatyouhavefoundinanothersource,youshouldalwaystrytoaccesstheoriginalorprimarysource. However,ifyoucannotfindtheoriginalsource,youshouldciteitthroughthesecondarysourcethatledyoutoit,usingthephrase“ascitedin”. (Parker,1978,ascitedinBloometal.,2017) Ifthepublicationdateoftheprimarysourceisunknown,includeonlytheyearofpublicationofthesecondarysource. Porter(ascitedinJohnson,2017)statesthat… Onlyincludeareferenceentryforthesecondarysource,nottheprimarysource. Citingpersonalcommunication Personalcommunications,suchasphonecalls,emails,andinterviews,arenotincludedinthereferencelistbecausereaderscan’taccessthem.Thein-textcitationisalsoformattedslightlydifferently. Includetheinitialsandlastnameofthepersonyoucommunicatedwith,thewords“personalcommunication,”andtheexactdateinparentheses. Salesaredeclininginthesecondquarter(P.G.Brown,personalcommunication,June13,2019). Generalmentionsofwebsitesandsoftware Generalmentionsofawebsiteorsoftwaredon’thavetobecitedwithanin-textcitationorentryinthereferencelist.Instead,incorporaterelevantinformationintotherunningtext. ThewebsiteofScribbr(www.scribbr.com)containsvarioususefulresources. StatisticalsoftwareSPSS(version25)wasusedtoanalyzethedata. Exampleparagraphwithin-textcitations AdaptedexampleparagraphBodyimageissueshavebeenwidelyassociatedwithsocialmediausage,particularlyinyoungwomen(Perloff,2014).Therelationbetweenmediadepictionsandbodyimageconcernsiswell-established;ameta-analysisbyGrabeetal.(2008)concludedthatexposuretomassmediaislinkedtobodyimagedissatisfactionamongwomen.SeveralempiricalstudieshavefocusedonFacebookusageinadolescentgirls(Tiggermann&Slater,2013;Meier&Gray,2014),whileasystematicreviewbyHollandandTimmerman(2016)establishedarelationshipbetweensocialnetworkingandbodyimageforbothwomenandmen. FrequentlyAskedQuestions WhatdoesanAPAin-textcitationforawebsitelooklike? WhencitingawebpageoronlinearticleinAPAStyle,thein-textcitationconsistsoftheauthor’slastnameandyearofpublication.Forexample:(Worland&Williams,2015). Notethattheauthorcanalsobeanorganization.Forexample:(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,2019). Ifyou’requotingyoushouldalsoincludealocator.Sincewebpagesdon’thavepagenumbers,youcanuseoneofthefollowingoptions: Paragraphnumber:(Smith,2018,para.15). Headingorsectionname:(CDC,2020,FluSeasonsection) Abbreviatedheading: (CDC,2020,“KeyFacts”section) HowdoIciteasourcewithanunknownauthororpublicationdateinAPA? Noauthor Insteadoftheauthor’sname,includethefirstfewwordsofthework’stitleinthein-textcitation.Enclosethetitleindoublequotationmarkswhencitinganarticle,webpageorbookchapter.Italicizethetitleofperiodicals,books,andreports. Nopublicationdate Ifthepublicationdateisunknown,use“n.d.”(nodate)instead.Forexample:(Johnson,n.d.). WhenshouldIuse“etal.”inAPAin-textcitations? Theabbreviation“etal.”(meaning“andothers”)isusedtoshortenin-textcitationswiththreeormoreauthors.Here’showitworks: Onlyincludethefirstauthor’slastname,followedby“etal.”,acommaandtheyearofpublication,forexample(Tayloretal.,2018). WhenshouldIincludeapagenumberinanAPAin-textcitation? AlwaysincludepagenumbersintheAPAin-textcitationwhenquotingasource.Don’tincludepagenumberswhenreferringtoaworkasawhole–forexample,anentirebookorjournalarticle. Ifyoursourcedoesnothavepagenumbers,youcanuseanalternativelocatorsuchasatimestamp,chapterheadingorparagraphnumber. HowdoIcitemultiplesourcesbythesameauthorinAPAStyle? Ifyouciteseveralsourcesbythesameauthororgroupofauthors,you’lldistinguishbetweentheminyourAPAin-textcitationsusingtheyearofpublication. Ifyoucitemultiplesourcesbythesameauthor(s)atthesamepoint,youcanjustwritetheauthorname(s)onceandseparatethedifferentyearswithcommas,e.g.,(Smith,2020,2021). Todistinguishbetweensourceswiththesameauthor(s)and thesamepublicationyear,addadifferentlowercaseletteraftertheyearforeachsource,e.g.,(Smith,2020,2021a,2021b).Addthesameletterstothecorrespondingreferenceentries. HowdoIciteanindirectsourceinAPAStyle?(“ascitedin”) InanAPAin-textcitation,youusethephrase“ascitedin”ifyouwanttociteasourceindirectly(i.e.,ifyoucannotfindtheoriginalsource). Parentheticalcitation:(Brown,1829,ascitedinMahone,2018) Narrativecitation:Brown(1829,ascitedinMahone,2018)statesthat… Onthereferencepage,youonlyincludethesecondarysource(Mahone,2018). ShouldIplacethein-textcitationbeforeoraftertheperiod? AnAPAin-textcitationisplacedbeforethefinalpunctuationmarkinasentence. Thecompanyinvestedover40,000hoursinoptimizingitsalgorithm(Davis,2011). ArecentpollsuggeststhatEUmembership“wouldbebackedby55percentofDanishvoters”inareferendum(Levring,2018). Isthisarticlehelpful? 481 54 51 Youhavealreadyvoted.Thanks:-) Yourvoteissaved:-) Processingyourvote... RaimoStreefkerk Raimoisanexpertinexplainingplagiarismandcitingsources.Hehasbeenwritinghelpfularticlessince2017andiscontinuouslyimprovingScribbr'sCitationGenerators. Otherstudentsalsoliked DirectquotesinAPAStyle Adirectquoteiscopiedword-for-wordfromasource.WhenquotinginAPA,youneedtocitetheauthor,year,andpagenumber. 173 SettinguptheAPAreferencepage TheAPAreferencepagestartswiththelabel“References”inboldandcentered.Double-spacealltextandapplyahangingindent. 182 Howtoparaphrasesources Paraphrasingmeansputtingapassageoftextinyourownwordswithoutchangingitsmeaning.Whenyouparaphrase,alwayscitethesource. 2096 51comments Heather February20,2022at8:15PM IfI’mreferencingonlyonesourcedocumentmultipletimesinmypaperhowdoIdoin-textcitations?AfterthefirstcitationcanIjustcitepagenumbers? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February21,2022at11:55AM HiHeather, APArecommendsthatifyoukeepreferringtothesamesourcethroughoutaparagraph,youonlyneedtociteitinthefirstsentencethatreferstoit.Ifyoucitedanothersourceinbetween,itwouldbenecessarytoreintroducethecitationwhenyoureturnedtothefirstsource. APAdoessaythatyoushouldreintroducethecitationwhenyoustartanewparagraph.Soifinyourpaperyourefertoonesourcecontinuously,itwouldstillbenecessarytociteitagainatthestartofeachnewparagraph. Reply Nelson February16,2022at2:28PM IfIwanttocitetwodifferentworksfromthesameauthor,shouldthesentencebeinpluralorsingular;forexample,whichoneofthesewouldbecorrect: 1.Porter(2018a,2018b)statethat... 2.Porter(2018a,2018b)statesthat... Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February17,2022at10:51AM HiNelson, Thesentenceshouldstillbesingular,becauseyou'reonlyreferringtooneauthor.You'rejustreferringtothesameauthor'sstatementsintwodifferentpublications.Soitshouldbe"Porter(2018a,2018b)statesthat..." Reply Gatleen February12,2022at11:46AM Whendoweactuallyneedtociteasource?Isitonlywhenwedirectlyusethewordsfromanauthorordowealsohavetociteevenwhenweparaphrasedthem?Andisitcountedasplagiarismifwedirectlyusethewordsdespitehavingcitations?Pleasedohelpmeclearmydoubts.Thankyousomuch!😊 Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February14,2022at12:37PM HiGatleen, Thisarticlemayhelpyoutounderstandwhencitationsareneeded.It'snotplagiarismaslongasyouciteyoursources,whetheryou'requotingorparaphrasing. Reply Elaine January29,2022at7:06AM Hi, Howwouldyoudoanin-textcitationforthesameauthorwithinthesamesentenceifitwaslikethefollowing: (Smithetal.,2004)(Smith,2010) Wouldyoudothein-textcitationas(Smithetal.,2004,2010)orWouldyoudothein-textcitationas(Smithetal.,2004,Smith,2010) Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February1,2022at12:42PM HiElaine, IfthefirstsourceisbySmithandsomecoauthors,whilethesecondsourceisbySmithalone,youneedtokeepthecitationsseparatedusingasemicolon:(Smithetal.,2004;Smith,2010) Ifthey'rebothbytheexactsameauthororgroupofauthors,theformat"(Smithetal.,2004,2010)"iscorrect. Reply VanessaRodriguez February14,2022at9:12AM Hi,howwouldIuse(a)and(b)withthesameauthorandsamedatewiththesamesource?Orwouldthatnotapply? Iunderstandusing(a)and(b),sameauthoranddatewithdifferentsourcebutIdon’tunderstandifthisapplieswhentheysourceisthesame? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February14,2022at12:36PM HiVanessa, No,there'snoneedtodothiswhenyou'recitingthesamesourcerepeatedly.Differentcitationsofthesamesourceshouldlookthesame,exceptthattheymayspecifydifferentpagenumbersofcourse.Allthesecitationsaresupposedtoleadyoutothesameentryinyourreferencelist,sothere'snoreasontodifferentiatebetweenthem. Reply Quisch January15,2022at7:46PM Ineedtoin-textciteanauthor/organizationwhichisverylong.eg.AmericanCollegeofSportsMedicineRoundtableonExerciseGuidelinesforCancerSurvivors. Thisiswhatisgivenastheauthorinthecitationfromthecollegelibrary.CanIabbreviate?OrdoIneedtousethefulltitle? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) January17,2022at2:52PM HiQuisch, APAadvisesthatyoucanindeedabbreviateorganizationnamesinin-textcitationswhennecessary.Givethefullorganizationnamefollowedbytheacronymthefirsttimeyoucitethesource,andforsubsequentcitationsjustusetheacronym: (AmericanCollegeofSportsMedicineRoundtableonExerciseGuidelines[ACSMREG],2019) (ACSMREG,2019) Reply Don January13,2022at8:33PM IwaswonderinghowI,usingin-textcitations,refertoafootnoteinanotherarticle.Ifnote2isonpage1,doIjustwrite(author,year,p.1)orinsteadofp.1doIneedtoclarifythatIamreferringtoanote? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) January14,2022at10:27AM HiDon, Youshouldmentionthatyouarereferringtothefootnoteinyourin-textcitation,inadditiontothepagethefootnoteison.Forexample,(Smith,2017,p.15,footnote2). Reply RachelD'Mello December11,2021at7:52PM Whatifanarticlehasmanyauthorsofwhichtwonamesoftwoauthorsarementionedwhiletherestarementionedasmembersofateam.Howdoicitethesourceifiknowonlytwonamesandnottherest? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) December13,2021at1:48PM HiRachel, Youcanonlyprovidetheinformationyouhave,andthisiswhatwillbemostusefulforthereaderiftheywanttotrackdownthearticleanyway.Inyourreferenceentry,writethenamesoftheauthorswhoarementionedandtheteamorgroupidentificationoftheothers,e.g.DeVries,R.,Nieuwenhuijze,M.,Buitendijk,S.E.,&themembersofMidwiferyScienceWorkGroup.Theninthein-textcitation,givethefirstnamefollowedby“etal.”asyouwouldforanygroupofthreeormoreauthors,e.g.(DeVriesetal.,2013). Reply RachelD'Mello December28,2021at9:47PM Thankyou,Jack,foryourhelp!Iappreciateit! Reply gabrielordonez October21,2021at9:37AM Hijustaquestionhowdoesoneciteasourcewith 1.Noauthor,noavailablepagenumber,e.g.,awebpagewithnoauthor 2.Theauthorisalreadymentionedintheparagraphbody Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) October25,2021at5:21PM HiGabriel, Usuallyasourcewithnoauthorwillbecitedbytitleinstead,e.g.("Beginner'sGuide,"2021).Youcanjustomitpagenumberswhentheyarenotavailable. Whentheauthor(ortitle,incaseswherethere'snoauthor)isalreadymentionedoutsidetheparentheticalcitation,thecitationjustconsistsoftheyearand,ifapplicable,pagenumber,e.g.Smithstatesthat...(2019,p.11). Reply Houssem July19,2021at1:08AM Hi, Howtorefertoanequation? Eq.(1) OR Equation(1)? Andhowtorefertomultipleequationsatthesametime? Eqs.(1,2,3) OR Eqs.(1-3) OR Equations(1,2,3) OR Equations(1-3)? Kindregards. Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) July20,2021at3:34PM HiHoussem, Whenreferringtoanumberedequationinthetext,usethefullword"Equation,"capitalized,followedbythenumber.Forexample,"AsshowninEquation3,..." Ifreferringtomultipleequationsatonce,writee.g."Equations1and3"oruseanendashtoindicatearangeofthreeormoreconsecutiveequations,e.g."Equations1–3" Reply Marie April7,2021at3:52PM WhenImentionasourceforthefirsttime,shouldIthenincludethefirstname(s)? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) April16,2021at2:50PM HiMarie, Younevermentiontheauthor'sfirstnamewithinaparentheticalcitation.However,youcanclarifyanauthor'snameinthetextthefirsttimeyoumentionthemifyouthinkit'srelevant.Forexample: JohnSmitharguesthat...(2020,p.21). Youmightdothiswithanauthorwhoseworkisparticularlycentraltoyourargument;formostauthors,it'sfinetojustrefertothembytheirlastnamethroughout. Reply Jordyn April4,2021at9:08AM Hithere,Iwastryingtofigureouthowtoshortenatitleofajournalarticlein7thAPAformatthatsin-text.IcannotfigureouttherulesifIneedtoshortenittoanagreednumberofwordsetc.Thankyou Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) April6,2021at3:26PM HiJordyn, Thebestapproachwhenyouneedtoincludeashortenedtitleinyourin-textcitation(notethatthisisonlynecessarywhennoindividualororganizationalauthorcanbelisted)istoshortenittotheinitialnounphraseortothefirst2–4words,omittinganyarticles("the,""a,"or"an").Soforexample,"ThesouthernslopeofMonsalvat:HowSpanishWagnerismbecameCatalan"wouldbecome"SouthernslopeofMonsalvat" Hopethathelps! Reply Nicole March14,2021at5:10AM Whenquotingmultiplelinesoftext,howforshoulditbeindented?isitstilldoublespaced? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) March15,2021at2:14PM HiNicole, Seehereforinformationonhowtocreateblockquotes(forlongerquotations)inAPAStyle.Theblockquoteisdouble-spacedliketherestofthetext. Reply Suchi March12,2021at11:30AM Hello, IfIhavetwosummarysentencesfromthedifferentarticlespublishedintwodifferentyearsbutthefirstauthorofboththearticleisthesame,howcanIcitethem? Also,shouldIcitetheminanarrativeorparentheticalmanner? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) March15,2021at2:51PM HiSuchi, Ifthetwoarticlesarepublishedindifferentyears,that'senoughtodistinguishbetweenthem;youdon'tneedtodoanythingspecialwiththecitations.Forexample,with(Smithetal.,2019)and(Smithetal.,2020),it'sclearfromthedifferentyearsthatthesearedifferentarticles. It'suptoyouwhethertociteinanarrativeorparentheticalmanner;dowhateverfitsmostsmoothlyineachcase. Reply Ethan March9,2021at12:58PM Iuseaprintingofabookfromamorerecentdate,say2015.Butthebookwasoriginallyprintedin1936.HowdoIcite,in-textandreferencelist,thesourceIused(2015)butmentiontheoriginalpublicationdate? I'mtoldIhavetoacknowledgetheoriginalpublicationdateatleastin-text. Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) March15,2021at3:26PM HiEthan, Whenyouneedtoacknowledgetheoriginalpublicationdateofaworkconsultedinamorerecentedition,youcanjustaddthisattheveryendofthereferenceentry,inparentheses(andnotfollowedbyaperiod):(Originalworkpublished1936) Onlythemorerecentdateneedstobementionedinthein-textcitation;ifyouwanttomentionedtheoriginaldateinthetext,youcandosooutsideofthecitation,e.g.: AnimalFarm,originallypublishedin1945,isanallegoricalstoryabout…(Orwell,2021). Reply Sam March7,2021at5:53AM Ifyouareassessinganarticlepublishedbyoneauthor,andwithinthatarticletheyhavecitedsourcesbyotherworks,doyouneedtocitetheauthorstheyhavecited? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) March15,2021at3:13PM HiSam, Generallyno,youdon'tneedtociteasourcejustbecauseit'scitedinsomethingyoualreadycite;otherwiseyoucouldendupwithaninfinitelyexpandingnumberofsources! Theexceptionisifyouquoteorparaphraseapartofthetextwheretheauthorisclearlyquotingorparaphrasinganothersource.Inthatcase,it'sbesttoseekouttheoriginalsourceandcitetheinformationdirectly.Ifyoucan'taccesstheoriginalsource,youcanuseanindirectcitation,asexplainedinthisFAQ. Reply DONNA March4,2021at9:48PM IfIstartoutasentenceas,ChrisLastnamestates"thequote". DoIcitetheauthor'snameafterthis,sincecreditwasgivenatthebeginningofthesentence? Thankyou! Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) March8,2021at5:08PM HiDonna, No,ifyou'vealreadymentionedtheauthor'snameinthesentence,youdon'tneedtorepeatitinthecitation.Justincludetheyearandpagenumber,e.g.JohnSmithstates"quote"(2010,p.15). Reply Matilda February17,2021at2:13PM Hello! Iwonderhowtoshortenacitation?IfIe.gwantstostartinthemiddleofasentenceortakea,forthecontext,irrelevantpartofthetextout.DoIusethe(---)oristhatfromsomeotherreferencestyle? Allthebest! Matilda Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February17,2021at3:08PM HiMatilda, YoucanfindsomeguidanceonshorteningquotationsinAPAStylehere.Ingeneral,you'duseanellipsis(…)toomitsomethingfromthemiddleofaquotation.It'snotnecessarytouseonetoomitsomethingatthestartorendofaquoteortomarkthataquotebeginsinmid-sentence. Reply Laura January31,2021at4:52AM Hi!Iwanttocitetwopowerpointpresentationsbythesameteacher.HowdoIdifferentiatethemasin-textcitations? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) February1,2021at3:21PM HiLaura, Whencitingtwosourceswiththesameauthor,usuallytheyearofpublicationdifferentiatesthem,e.g.(Smith,2016)vs.(Smith,2018).Ifbothpresentationsinthiscasewereinthesameyear,theyshouldbedifferentiatedwithaletteraftertheyear.Theearlierpresentationwouldbe"a,"thelaterone"b."Forexample,(Smith,2020a)vs.(Smith,2020b).Theselettersshouldalsoappearinthereferencelistentriesforthepresentations. FeelfreetocheckourarticleoncitingPowerPointsifyouneedanymorespecificadviceonthisformat. Reply Jane January22,2021at6:34AM Ifthearticleisbyoneauthor,dowehavetocitetheirnameeverytimeorjustonceandthenjusttheyearandpagenumberafterthat? Reply JackCaulfield(ScribbrTeam) January26,2021at3:32PM HiJane, Inthecaseofasingleauthor,citetheirnameineveryin-textcitation,notjustthefirstone. Reply tiffany December29,2020at4:10PM Whatifthetwoauthorsarehusbandandwifesothelastnameisthesame? Reply ShonaMcCombes(ScribbrTeam) January11,2021at3:53PM HiTiffany, Whenthetwoauthorsofasourcehavethesamelastname,yousimplycitebothnamesasusual,forexample:(Smith&Smith,2020). Hopethathelps! Reply Alex December28,2020at6:08AM Idon'tknowwheretosaythissoIwillpostithere.Yourin-texthelptoolinthecitationgeneratordoesnotfollowtheAPA7thrulesfor3ormoreauthors.Asnotedabovein"APAin-textcitationswithmultipleauthors",intextcitationof3ormoreauthorsshouldusethefirstauthor'slastnamefollowedbyetal.Whileusingthecitationtool,Iclickonin-textcitation,anditstillfollowsthe6theditionrulesoflisting3authorsnamesseparatelyduringthefirstin-textreferencewithallothersusingetal. Reply ShonaMcCombes(ScribbrTeam) January6,2021at1:11PM HiAlex, OurAPAGeneratorsupportsboththe6thand7theditions–areyousureyou'veswitchedtothe7thedition?Youcanfindthisoptioninthetoprightcornerofyourreferencelist(nexttothelanguageselector). Letmeknowifthisdoesn'tsolvetheissueandwecanlookintoitfurther! Reply sagesonson December15,2020at3:46AM whatdoyoudoifonlyafirstnameisgiven Reply ShonaMcCombes(ScribbrTeam) December21,2020at7:52PM Hi, Ideallyyoushouldtrytoidentifytheauthor'sfullname–ifthisisn'tpossible,thesourcemaynotbereliableenoughtouseinanacademicpaper.However,ifanauthoronlyhasonename,youmaysimplycitethatnameinbothyourin-textcitationandreferenceentry. Reply Nicole December3,2020at5:18AM Howdoyoudotheintextcitationforanonlinedictionary? Reply ShonaMcCombes(ScribbrTeam) December10,2020at7:42PM HiNicole, WehaveaseparatearticlewithexamplesofcitinganonlinedictionaryinAPA.Inmostcases,you'llcitethenameoftheorganizationresponsibleforthedictionary(e.g.Merriam-Webster).Hopethatanswersyourquestion! Reply Valesca November29,2020at11:32PM HowdoIciteforthcomingresearch,ifitisnotofficiallypublishedyet? Reply ShonaMcCombes(ScribbrTeam) December8,2020at8:01PM HiValesca, OurarticleaboutAPAjournalcitationsincludessomeexamplesofhowtociteunpublishedresearch.Hopethathelps:) Reply Stillhavequestions? Pleaseverifyyouarehuman! Pleaseclickthecheckboxonthelefttoverifythatyouareanotabot. Addcomment ScribbrAPACitationChecker AninnovativenewtoolthatchecksyourAPAcitationswithAIsoftware.Saygoodbyetoinaccuratecitations! Learnmore