Citation Examples - APA - Referencing Guide - Help & Support

Citation Examples. Single author. • Short references within the text are given wholly or partly in round brackets. SkiptoMainContent LibraryHelpandSupportReferencingGuidesAPA-ReferencingGuideCitationExamples SearchthisGuide Search APA-ReferencingGuide CitationExamples APAStyleInTextCitationToggleDropdownCitingintheTextCitationMethodsCitationExamplesCitingElectronicDocumentsCitingImagesCitingPersonalCommunicationsCitingSecondarySourcesReferenceListEntriesToggleDropdownAssignmentsA-VMaterialsBookChaptersBooksConferencePapersDatasetsE-booksE-journalsElectronicDocumentsImagesInternetDocumentsJournalArticlesLegalMaterialsNewspaperArticlesPodcastsReaders/StudyGuidesSocialMediaThesesAllExamplesSampleReferenceListAbbreviations4EasyStepsReferencingTermsMoreInformation... CitationExamples Singleauthor •Shortreferenceswithinthetextaregivenwhollyorpartlyinroundbrackets. •Useonlythesurnameoftheauthorfollowedbyacommaandtheyearofpublication: (Matthews,1999) •Includepage,chapterorsectionnumbersifyouneedtobespecific.Theabbreviationforpageisp.andtheabbreviationforpagesispp.: Matthewsdiscussestheroleofdrawingsinthepsychologicalevaluationofchildren(1979,pp.34-35).OR ...inthepsychologicalevaluationofchildrenhasbeenstudiedelsewhere(Matthews,1979,pp.34-35). Twoauthors •Citebothauthorseverytimeyoucitewithinthetext. •Separatetheauthors'namesinthecitationwithanampersand(&): (Lawson&Green,1997,pp.34-35) •Whentheauthors'namesareincorporatedintothetextthe"&"isreplacedwith"and".Alwayscitebothnameseverytimethereferenceoccursinthetext: LawsonandGreen(1997,pp.34-35)wereunable... Threeormoreauthors •Foraworkwiththreeormoreauthors,includethenameofthefirstauthor onlyfollowedbyetal.ineverycitation,includingthefirstcitation,unlessdoingsowouldcreateambiguity: Wassersteinetal.(2004,p.301)havefound...OR ...ashasbeenfoundinapreviousstudy(Wassersteinetal.,2004,p.301). •Toavoidambiguity,includeasmanyauthornamesasnecessaryfollowedbyetal.: Kapoor,Bloom,Montez,etal.(2017) Kapoor,Bloom,Zucker,etal.(2017) •Asetal.isplural,includeallnamesinthecitationwhenonlythefinalnameisdifferent. Volumenumbersincluded •Includevolumenumberswithinthecitationbetweentheyearandthepagenumbers. •Ifmorethanonevolumeisgivenseparatewithasemicolon(;): ThistheoryisdealtwithindetailbyBrysen(2003,Vol.2,p.23;Vol.3,pp.17-36). Authorswiththesamesurname •Makeadistinctionbetweenauthorswiththesamesurnamebyincludingtheauthor'sinitials. •Iftheauthor'ssurnameisincorporatedinthetextplacetheinitialsbeforethesurname;ifitisacitationwithinbracketstheinitialsfollowthesurname: Thetheorywaspropoundedin1970(LarsenA.E.,2001)... M.K.Larsen(2003)isamongthose... Multipleworksbythesameauthorinthesameyear •Adistinctionismadebyaddinglowercaseletters,a,b,c,etc.tothedate. •Theselettersarealsoincludedinthefullreferenceinthereferencelisttodistinguishbetweenthetwodocuments: Bursch(2005a)describedhowtheyakmadetransportpossibleinthehighmountainsofInnerAsia,asdidthellamaintheAndesofSouthAmerica(Bursch,2005b). Corporateauthor •Theseareworkswithoutapersonalauthor. •Corporateauthorsmaybeassociations,agencieslikegovernmentdepartments,corporationsororganisations. •Namesoforganisationsshouldbegiveninfullthefirsttimetheyarecitedwithinthetext,followedbyanyrelevantabbreviation. •Insubsequentcitations,theabbreviationmaybeused: (CSIRO,1999)... Morethanoneworkcited •Listallsourcesofinformationeitherinthetextorwithinthecitationseparatedbyasemicolon(;): (Haddon,1999;Larsen,1991)... Haddon(1999)and Larsen(1991)demonstratedthat... (Haddon,1999,Vol.3,p.734;Larsen,1991,p.11) Noauthor •Whenaworkhasnoauthor,citeinthetextthefirstfewwordsofthereferencelistentry(usuallythetitle)andtheyear. •Useitalicsforthetitle: Thiswasapparentlynotthecaseinseventeenth-centuryEngland(OnTravellingtoLondon,1683)...OR OnTravellingtoLondon(1683)revealsthatthiswasnottrue. •Iftheauthorisspecificallygivenas"Anonymous",thenAnonymoustakestheplaceoftheauthornameintheintextcitation: (Anonymous,2017) Nodateofpublication •Usetheabbreviationn.d.toindicatethatnodateofpublicationisgiven: Carruthers(n.d.)hassuggested...OR (Carruthers,n.d.) Newspapers •Iftheauthorofthearticleisnamed,citeinthenormalwaywiththeauthoranddate.Ifthereisnoauthorgiven,citethenewspapertitleinitalics. •Includethespecificdateaswellasyearandpageorsectionnumbers,ifappropriate: (CanberraTimes,24Jan.1997,p.B6)... TheWeekendAustralian(24-25Jan.1997,p.19)reported... InTextCitation CitingintheText CitationMethods CitationExamples CitingElectronicDocuments CitingImages CitingPersonalCommunications CitingSecondarySources <>