In-text Citation - APA Quick Citation Guide - Library Guides

APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). SkiptoMainContent Itlookslikeyou'reusingInternetExplorer11orolder.ThiswebsiteworksbestwithmodernbrowserssuchasthelatestversionsofChrome,Firefox,Safari,andEdge.Ifyoucontinuewiththisbrowser,youmayseeunexpectedresults. PennStateUniversityLibrariesLibraryGuidesGeneralContentAPAQuickCitationGuideIn-textCitation SearchthisGuide Search APAQuickCitationGuide ThisguidecontainsexamplesofcommoncitationformatsinAPA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)Style7thedition OverviewIn-textCitationCitingWebPagesandSocialMediaCitingArticlesCitingBooksCitingBusinessReportsOtherFormatsAPAStyleQuiz UsingIn-textCitation Includeanin-textcitationwhenyoureferto,summarize,paraphrase,orquotefromanothersource.Foreveryin-textcitationinyourpaper,theremustbeacorrespondingentryinyourreferencelist. APAin-textcitationstyleusestheauthor'slastnameandtheyearofpublication,forexample:(Field,2005).Fordirectquotations,includethepagenumberaswell,forexample:(Field,2005,p.14).Forsourcessuchaswebsitesande-booksthathavenopagenumbers,useaparagraphnumber,forexample:(Field,2005,para.1).MoreinformationondirectquotationofsourceswithoutpaginationisgivenontheAPAStyleandGrammarGuidelineswebpage. Exampleparagraphwithin-textcitation Afewresearchersinthelinguisticsfieldhavedevelopedtrainingprogramsdesignedtoimprovenativespeakers'abilitytounderstandaccentedspeech(Derwing etal.,2002;Thomas,2004).Theirtrainingtechniquesarebasedontheresearchdescribedaboveindicatingthatcomprehensionimproveswithexposuretonon-nativespeech. Derwingetal.(2002)conductedtheirtrainingwithstudentspreparingtobesocialworkers,butnotethatotherprofessionalswhoworkwithnon-nativespeakerscouldbenefitfromasimilarprogram. References Derwing,T.M.,Rossiter,M.J.,&Munro,M.J.(2002).Teachingnativespeakerstolistentoforeign-accentedspeech. JournalofMultilingualandMulticulturalDevelopment,23(4),245-259. Thomas,H.K.(2004). Trainingstrategiesforimprovinglisteners'comprehensionofforeign-accentedspeech (Doctoraldissertation).UniversityofColorado,Boulder. CitingWebPagesInText Citewebpagesintextasyouwouldanyothersource,usingtheauthoranddateifknown.Keepinmindthattheauthormaybeanorganizationratherthanaperson.Forsourceswithnoauthor,usethetitleinplaceofanauthor. Forsourceswithnodateusen.d.(fornodate)inplaceoftheyear:(Smith,n.d.).Formoreinformationoncitationsforsourceswithno dateorothermissinginformation seethepageonmissingreferenceinformationontheAPAStyleandGrammarGuidelineswebpage.  Belowareexamplesofusingin-textcitationwithwebpages. Webpagewithauthor: In-textcitation Heavysocialmediausecanbelinkedtodepressionandothermentaldisordersinteens (Asmelash,2019). Referenceentry Asmelash,L.(2019,August14).Socialmediausemayharmteens'mentalhealthbydisruptingpositiveactivities,studysays.CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/13/health/social-media-mental-health-trnd/index.html Webpagewithorganizationalauthor: In-textcitation Morethan300millionpeopleworldwideareaffectedbydepression(WorldHealthOrganization,2018). Referenceentry WorldHealthOrganization.(2018,March22). Depression. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression Webpagewithnodate: In-textcitation Establishingregularroutines,suchasexercise,canhelpsurvivorsofdisastersrecoverfromtrauma(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation[APA],n.d.). Referenceentry AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(n.d.).Recoveringemotionallyfromdisaster.http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/recovering-disasters.aspx GeneralGuidelines In-textreferencesshouldimmediatelyfollowthetitle,word,orphrasetowhichtheyaredirectlyrelevant,ratherthanappearingattheendoflongclausesorsentences.In-textreferencesshouldalwaysprecedepunctuationmarks.Belowareexamplesofusingin-textcitation. Author'snameinparentheses: Onestudyfoundthatthemostimportantelementincomprehendingnon-nativespeechisfamiliaritywiththetopic(Gass&Varonis,1984). Author'snamepartofnarrative: GassandVaronis(1984)foundthatthemostimportantelementincomprehendingnon-nativespeechisfamiliaritywiththetopic. Groupasauthor: Firstcitation:(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation[APA],2015) Subsequentcitation:(APA,2015) Multipleworks:(separateeachworkwithsemi-colons) Researchshowsthatlisteningtoaparticularaccentimprovescomprehensionofaccentedspeechingeneral(Gass&Varonis,1984;KrechThomas,2004). Directquote:(includepagenumberandplacequotationmarksaroundthedirectquote) Onestudyfoundthat“thelistener'sfamiliaritywiththetopicofdiscoursegreatlyfacilitatestheinterpretationoftheentiremessage”(Gass&Varonis,1984,p.85). GassandVaronis(1984)foundthat“thelistener’sfamiliaritywiththetopicofdiscoursegreatlyfacilitatestheinterpretationoftheentiremessage”(p.85). Note: Fordirectquotationsofmorethan40words,displaythequoteasanindentedblockoftextwithoutquotationmarksandincludetheauthors’names,year,andpagenumberinparenthesesattheendofthequote.Forexample: Thissuggeststhatfamiliaritywithnonnativespeechingeneral,althoughitisclearlynotasimportantavariableastopicfamiliarity,mayindeedhavesomeeffect.Thatis,priorexperiencewithnonnativespeech,suchasthatgainedbylisteningtothereading,facilitatescomprehension.(Gass&Varonis,1984,p.77) WorksbyMultipleAuthors APAstylehasspecificrulesforcitingworksbymultipleauthors.Usethefollowingguidelinestodeterminehowtocorrectlyciteworksbymultipleauthorsintext.FormoreinformationoncitingworksbymultipleauthorsseetheAPAStyleandGrammarGuidelinespageonin-textcitation. Note:Whenusingmultipleauthors'namesaspartofyournarrative,ratherthaninparentheses,alwaysspelloutthewordand.Formultipleauthors'nameswithinaparentheticcitation,use&. Oneauthor:(Field,2005) Twoauthors:(Gass&Varonis,1984) Threeormoreauthors:  (Tremblayetal.,2010) <>