APA Citation Style Guide (6th Ed.): In-text Citation

APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page ... SkiptoMainContent Itlookslikeyou'reusingInternetExplorer11orolder.ThiswebsiteworksbestwithmodernbrowserssuchasthelatestversionsofChrome,Firefox,Safari,andEdge.Ifyoucontinuewiththisbrowser,youmayseeunexpectedresults. 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APAin-textcitationstyleusestheauthor'slastnameandtheyearofpublication,forexample:(Field,2005).Fordirectquotations,includethepagenumberaswell,forexample:(Field,2005,p.14).Forsourcessuchaswebsitesande-booksthathavenopagenumbers,useaparagraphnumber.MoreinformationoncitingsourceswithoutpaginationisgivenontheAPAStylewebpage. Exampleparagraphwithin-textcitation Afewresearchersinthelinguisticsfieldhavedevelopedtrainingprogramsdesignedtoimprovenativespeakers'abilitytounderstandaccentedspeech(Derwing,Rossiter,&Munro,2002;KrechThomas,2004).Theirtrainingtechniquesarebasedontheresearchdescribedaboveindicatingthatcomprehensionimproveswithexposuretonon-nativespeech.Derwingetal.(2002)conductedtheirtrainingwithstudentspreparingtobesocialworkers,butnotethatotherprofessionalswhoworkwithnon-nativespeakerscouldbenefitfromasimilarprogram. References Derwing,T.M.,Rossiter,M.J.,&Munro,M.J.(2002).Teachingnativespeakerstolistentoforeign-accentedspeech. JournalofMultilingualandMulticulturalDevelopment,23(4),245-259. KrechThomas,H.(2004). Trainingstrategiesforimprovinglisteners'comprehensionofforeign-accentedspeech (Doctoraldissertation).UniversityofColorado,Boulder. CitingWebPagesInText Citewebpagesintextasyouwouldanyothersource,usingtheauthoranddateifknown.Iftheauthorisnotknown,usethetitleandthedateasthein-textcitation(forlongtitlesjustusethefirstfewwords).Yourin-textcitationshouldleadyourreadertothecorrespondingentryinthereferencelist.Forsourceswithnodateusen.d.(fornodate)inplaceoftheyear:(Smith,n.d.).Belowareexamplesofusingin-textcitationwithwebpages. Webpagewithauthor: In-textcitation: Role-playcanhelpchildrenlearntechniquesforcopingwithbullying(Kraiser,2011). Referenceentry: Kraizer,S.(2011).Preventingbullying.Retrievedfromhttp://safechild.org/categoryparents/preventing-bullying/ Webpagewithnoauthor: In-textcitation: ThetermNittanyLionwascoinedbyPennStatefootballplayerJoeMasonin1904(AllthingsNittany,2006). Referenceentry: AllthingsNittany.(2006).Retrievedfromhttp://www.psu.edu/ur/about/nittanymascot.html Webpagewithnodate: In-textcitation: Establishingregularroutines,suchasexercise,canhelpsurvivorsofdisastersrecoverfromtrauma(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation[APA],n.d.). Referenceentry: AmericanPsychologicalAssociation.(n.d.).Recoveringemotionallyfromdisaster.Retrievedfromhttp://www.apa.org/helpcenter/recovering-disasters.aspx GeneralGuidelines In-textreferencesshouldimmediatelyfollowthetitle,word,orphrasetowhichtheyaredirectlyrelevant,ratherthanappearingattheendoflongclausesorsentences.In-textreferencesshouldalwaysprecedepunctuationmarks.Belowareexamplesofusingin-textcitation. Author'snameinparentheses: Onestudyfoundthatthemostimportantelementincomprehendingnon-nativespeechisfamiliaritywiththetopic(Gass&Varonis,1984). Author'snamepartofnarrative: GassandVaronis(1984)foundthatthemostimportantelementincomprehendingnon-nativespeechisfamiliaritywiththetopic. Groupasauthor: Firstcitation:(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation[APA],2015) Subsequentcitation:(APA,2015) Multipleworks:(separateeachworkwithsemi-colons) Researchshowsthatlisteningtoaparticularaccentimprovescomprehensionofaccentedspeechingeneral(Gass&Varonis,1984;KrechThomas,2004). Directquote:(includepagenumber) Onestudyfoundthat“thelistener'sfamiliaritywiththetopicofdiscoursegreatlyfacilitatestheinterpretationoftheentiremessage”(Gass&Varonis,1984,p.85). GassandVaronis(1984)foundthat“thelistener’sfamiliaritywiththetopicofdiscoursegreatlyfacilitatestheinterpretationoftheentiremessage”(p.85). Note: Fordirectquotationsofmorethan40words,displaythequoteasanindentedblockoftextwithoutquotationmarksandincludetheauthors’names,year,andpagenumberinparenthesesattheendofthequote.Forexample: Thissuggeststhatfamiliaritywithnonnativespeechingeneral,althoughitisclearlynotasimportantavariableastopicfamiliarity,mayindeedhavesomeeffect.Thatis,priorexperiencewithnonnativespeech,suchasthatgainedbylisteningtothereading,facilitatescomprehension.(Gass&Varonis,1984,p.77) WorksbyMultipleAuthors APAstylehasspecificrulesforcitingworksbymultipleauthors.Usethefollowingguidelinestodeterminehowtocorrectlyciteworksbymultipleauthorsintext. Seepages174-176ofthemanual. Note:Whenusingmultipleauthors'namesaspartofyournarrative,ratherthaninparentheses,alwaysspelloutthewordand.Formultipleauthors'nameswithinaparentheticcitation,use&. Seechartonpage177ofthemanualforusefulinformationonauthors. Oneauthor:(Field,2005) Twoauthors:(Gass&Varonis,1984) Threetofiveauthors: Firstcitation:(Tremblay,Richer,Lachance,&Cote,2010) Subsequentcitations:(Tremblayetal.,2010) Sixormoreauthors:(Norris-Shortleetal.,2006).  <> UniversityofSouthCarolina SCHOOLOFMEDICINE ©UniversityofSouthCarolina  |  Privacy |  Contact SiteMaintainedBy:SchoolofMedicineLibrary